This review summarizes the role of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate pathways in heart failure and several new drugs that modify guanylate cyclase. The sGC activators and stimulators as modulators of sGC are promising drugs in the therapy for decompensated heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. Cinaciguat is a nitric oxide (NO)-independent direct activator...

Background In vascular tissue, relaxation by the NO-independent but heme-dependent sGC stimulator BAY 41-2272 is reduced when sGC is oxidized and finally loses its heme group, while that by the NOand heme-independent sGC activator BAY 58-2667 (cinaciguat) is increased. Whether this also applies in the gastrointestinal tract has not been investigated. In apo-sGC mice, his at position 105 of sGCb...

Impaired nitric oxide (NO), soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling (NO-sGC-cGMP) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular dysfunction. Efforts to directly target this signaling have led to the development of sGC agonists that activate the heme group of sGC (stimulators) or preferentially activate sGC when the heme is oxidized (act...

Satellite glial cells (SGC) in sensory ganglia tightly envelop the neuronal cell body to form discrete anatomical units. This type of glial cell is considered neuroectoderm-derived and provides physical support to neuron somata. There are scattered hints in the literature suggesting that SGC have an immune-related function within sensory ganglia. In this study, we addressed the hypothesis that ...

We study minimal sets on continua X with a dense free interval J and locally connected remainder. This class of includes important spaces such as the topologist's sine curve or Warsaw circle. In case when remainder are known is connected, we obtain full characterization topological structure sets. particular, given in X∖J local dendrite.

OBJECTIVE Binding of nitric oxide (NO) to soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) leads to increased cGMP synthesis that activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Herein, we tested whether sGC activity is regulated by PKG. METHODS AND RESULTS Overexpression of a constitutively active form of PKG (DeltaPKG) stimulated (32)P incorporation into the alpha1 subunit. Serine to alanine mutation of putat...

Nitric oxide (NO) by activating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is involved in vascular homeostasis via induction of smooth muscle relaxation. In cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), endothelial dysfunction with altered vascular reactivity is mostly attributed to decreased NO bioavailability via oxidative stress. However, in several studies, relaxation to NO is only partially restored by exogenous NO...