BACKGROUND The current study examined the neuro-cognitive network of visual word rhyming judgment in 14 children with dyslexia and 14 age-matched control children (8- to 14-year-olds) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS In order to manipulate the difficulty of mapping orthography to phonology, we used conflicting and non-conflicting trials. The words in conflicting tri...

The tone languages of sub-Saharan Africa raise challenging questions for the design of new writing systems. Marking too much or too little tone can have grave consequences for the usability of an orthography. Orthography development, past and present, rests on a raft of sociolinguistic issues having little to do with the technical phonological concerns that usually preoccupy orthographers. Some...

Computational models of reading posit that there are two pathways to word recognition, using sublexical phonology or morphological/orthographic information. They further theorize that everyone uses both pathways to some extent, but the division of labor between the pathways can vary. This review argues that the first language one was taught to read, and the instructional method by which one was...

The content, and indeed the title, of this book brings back to us an old and well· known theory the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis: that language influences thought and determines the world view of the speaker (Whorf, 1956). Rumjahn Hoosain proposes that "unique lingUistic properties of the Chinese language, particularly its orthography, have implications for cognitive processing". Although it does not...

The study examined two questions: (1) do the greater phonological awareness skills of billinguals affect reading performance; (2) to what extent do the orthographic characteristics of a language influence reading performance and how does this interact with the effects of phonological awareness. We estimated phonological metalinguistic abilities and reading measures in three groups of first grad...

It has recently been proposed that in the course of repetition, reading aloud and writing to dictation, lexical representations are activated and selected for output by the joint operation of the semantic system and of sublexical conversion mechanisms--the Summation Hypothesis [Hillis and Caramazza, Brain Lang. 40, 106-144, 1991]. The hypothesis predicts that semantic errors in oral reading and...

It has been argued that orthographic representations-the abstract mental representations of the spellings of words-include orthography-specific information regarding the consonant/vowel (CV) identity of the individual letters that make up a word's spelling. This hypothesis has been used to explain the finding that the substitution errors in the spelling of certain dysgraphic individuals exhibit...

It is now commonly accepted that orthographic information influences spoken word recognition in a variety of laboratory tasks (lexical decision, semantic categorization, gender decision). However, it remains a hotly debated issue whether or not orthography would influence normal word perception in passive listening. That is, the argument has been made that orthography might only be activated in...

Матеріялы до руского словаря – the Ukrainian-Polish manuscript dictionary by Josyf Skomorovski consists of 5 volumes and 1732 pages. It was probably completed in 1849. The register Ukrainian has 27000 entries. In part, there is a lot phonetic lexical polonisms as well dialectical items. Some entries were not translated especially 4th volume. words presented two orthographical variants Skomorows...