a 1993 result of j. llibre, and m. misiurewicz, (theorem a [5]), states that if a continuous map f of a graph into itself has an s-horseshoe, then the topological entropy of f is greater than or equal to logs, that is h( f ) ? logs. also a 1980 result of l.s. block, j. guckenheimer, m. misiurewicz and l.s. young (lemma 1.5 [3]) states that if g is an a-graph of f then h(g) ? h( f ). in this pap...

There is increasing interest in using natural enemies to control pests urban green spaces, but this often hampered by a lack of information on particular pest groups. Here we provide an assessment for the first time seasonal population coccid species and its Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (A. Murray) Parl, 1864. The main pest, Planococcus vovae (Nasonov, 1909), attacked parasitoids predators. Accordi...

The study on the floral diversity of Neni-Nimo watershed in Anaocha L.G.A. Anambra State was conducted between November 2009 and July 2020. aim to find out species richness biodiversity watershed. In this study, divided into three sites, forested site, fallow site current usage site. experiment laid a Randomized Complete Block Design. ecological methods used are Point Centred Plotless Count sam...

To study the biodiversity of crustaceans, five sites were taken with three replicates from each sample over a period six months, November 2021 to April 2022. Samples also taken. Water is used measure some chemical and physical properties. The density crustaceans ranged (4-773) individuals / liter, month March recorded highest density. results isolation identification showed following species cy...

introduction the morphologic features of human sperms are key indicators for monitoring fertility problems in men. therefore, automated analyzing methods via microscopic videos have become the most favorite policy in infertility treatment during the last decades. materials and methods in the proposed method, firstly a hypothesis testing framework was defined to distinguish sperms from backgroun...

evaluation criteria for different versions of the same database the concept of information, during its development, is connected to the concept of entropy created by the 19th century termodynamics scholars. information means, in this view point, order or negentropy. on the other hand, entropy is connected to the concepts as chaos and noise, which cause, in turn, disorder. in the present paper, ...

in this paper at rst, a history of mathematical models is given.next, some basic information about random variables, stochastic processesand markov chains is introduced. as follows, the entropy for a discrete timemarkov process is mentioned. after that, the entropy for sis stochastic modelsis computed, and it is proved that an epidemic will be disappeared after a longtime.

 Casimir entropy is an important aspect of casimir effect and at the nanoscale is visible. In this paper, we employ the path integral method to ‎obtain a‎ ‎general‎ relation for casimir entropy and ‎i‎nternal energy of arbitrary shaped objects in the presence of two, three and four dimension scalar fields and ‎the‎ electromagnetic field. For this purpose, using Lagrangian and based on a perturb...

We estimated the perceptual entropy rate of the phonemes of American English and found that the upper limit of the perceptual entropy of voiced phonemes is approximately 1.4 bit/sample, whereas the perceptual entropy of unvoiced phonemes is approximately 0.9 bit/sample. Results indicate that a simple voiced/unvoiced classi cation is suboptimal when trying to minimize bit rate. We used two di er...