we propose a new ring resonator side-coupled m-z interferometer all-optical switch throughthe pumped nonlinear directional coupler. by controlling pump power p to lead the coupler reflectivityr approaching to 1, the resonator finesse will be enhanced dramatically, and then the minimumswitching power in silica-based practice devices can be obtained. as a sample, we use a nonlinearcoupler made by...

Modern communication systems offer multiservice and they function in more than one frequency band. The transceivers of such require multiband microwave filters. Multiband filters are bandpass with passband. Microstrips have been commonly preferred by engineers to fabricate design using microstrips imposes several challenges. Dual band, tri band quad designed can be found the literature but thei...