Several hundred million volts per centimetre of electric-field strength are required to field-ionize gas species. Such fields are produced on sharp metallic tips under a bias of a few kilovolts. Here, we show that field ionization is possible at dramatically lower fields on semiconductor nanomaterials containing surface states, particularly with metal-catalysed whiskers grown on silicon nanowir...

Due to a distinct nature of thermomechanical smart materials' reaction to applied loads, a revolutionary approach is needed to measure the hardness and to understand its size effect for pseudoelastic NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) during the solid-state phase transition. Spherical hardness is increased with depths during the phase transition in NiTi SMAs. This behaviour is contrary to the decr...

It was, and still is, a fundamental law of crystallography that fivefold rotational symmetry and three-dimensional (3D) lattice periodicity are mutually incompatible. With this in mind, the Israeli materials scientist Dan Shechtman did not trust his eyes when he inspected electron diffractograms of rapidly solidified Al-Mn. What he expected to see was either diffraction patterns with sharp Brag...

Atomically sharp oxide heterostructures exhibit a range of novel physical phenomena that are absent in the parent compounds. A prominent example is the appearance of highly conducting and superconducting states at the interface between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3. Here we report an emergent phenomenon at the LaMnO3/SrTiO3 interface where an antiferromagnetic Mott insulator abruptly transforms into a nano...

We measured and quantified the local electric polarization properties of ultrathin (∼5 nm) biolayers on mm-thick mica substrates. We achieved it by scanning a sharp conductive tip (<10 nm radius) of an electrostatic force microscope over the biolayers and quantifying sub-picoNewton electric polarization forces with a sharp-tip model implemented using finite-element numerical calculations. We ob...

High resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of highly overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu208+6with a T. = 5lK indicates that the basic transport processes in this material are fundamentally different from both the lesser doped cuprates as well as model metallic compounds. The overdoped sample has sharp AWES peaks at the Fermi energy throughout the Brillouin zone even in the normal state, unlike ...

For optical waveguides with high index contrast and sharp corners, high order full-vectorial mode solvers are difficult to develop, due to the field singularities at the corners. A recently developed method (the so-called BIENtD method) based on boundary integral equations (BIEs) and Neumannto-Dirichlet (NtD) maps achieves high order of accuracy for dielectric waveguides. In this paper, we deve...

We address the regularity of the solution to the time dependent Maxwell equations of electromagnetics in the case of metallic boundary condition under minimal regularity of the data. We extend the so-called extractor technique that we introduced in 1995 for wave equation in several cases (including the non-cylindrical case of moving domains for which the sharp-hidden regularity [10] was still a...

a total of 68385 live pin-worm eggs from adhesive scotch tape were exposed to different detergent powders in under to compare method of detergent washing clothes with the boiling method for the control of family enterobiasis. results show that: a) 80.4-100 percent of eggs are destroyed after hatching within 6-8 hours of exposure to 0.25 gr% detergent at 10-250c. exposure for less than 6 hours h...