Weak lensing is found in the correlations of shear in 104 galaxy images, strong lensing is detected by the obvious distortion of a single galaxy image, whereas intermediate lensing requires detection of less obvious curvature in several neighboring galaxies. Small impact-parameter lensing causes a sextupole distortion whose orientation is correlated with the quadrupole distortion (shear). By lo...

Abstract: Problems such as the difficulty of the selection of processing parameters and the large quantity of experimental work exist in the morphological evolutions of Semisolid Metal (SSM) processing. In order to deal with these existing problems, and to identify the effect of the processing parameters, (i.e. shearing rate-time-temperature) combinations on particle size and shape factor, ...

This work aims at understanding the viscous effects of the outer potential flow on Prandtl’s boundary layer. For a body moving with a constant velocity in an otherwise quiescent liquid, the non-zero viscous dissipation of the outer potential flow gives rise to an additional drag, increasing the drag calculated from the boundary layer alone. The drag is considered in three cases here, on a two-d...

According to the different construction forms of PBL shear connectors in steel-concrete composite beam and steel-concrete joint section, eight finite element models in two groups of the two construction forms are conducted to study different mechanical properties of PBL shear connectors. Following conclusions can be drawn from the finite element method calculation results. The load-slip curve, ...

We investigate the use of two distinct and complementary approaches to measuring the viscometric properties of low viscosity complex fluids at high shear rates up to 80,000 s−1. Firstly we adapt commercial controlled-stress and controlled-rate rheometers to access elevated shear rates by using parallel plate fixtures with very small gap settings (down to 30 μm). The resulting apparent viscositi...

SYNOPSIS Results of unconsolidated-undrained triaxial tests, field vane shear tests and cone penetration tests have been used to develop correlations between undrained shear strength and cone resistance for a soft to medium alluvial clay in the Lopez Canyon area of San Diego. When comparing uu triaxial results with cone resistance, the average cone factor was 11 with a standard deviation of 1.5...

This paper analyzes the adequacy of shell models for predicting stresses and strains in thick-walled tubes subjected to detonation loads. Of particular interest are the large axial strains which are produced at the inner and outer surfaces of the tube due to bending along the tube axis. First, comparisons between simple shell theory and a static finite element model are used to show that the ax...

OBJECTIVE Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are continuously exposed to blood flow that contributes to the maintenance of vessel structure and function; however, the effect of hemodynamic forces on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in the endothelium is poorly described. We examined the potential role of TGF-β signaling in mediating the protective effects of shear stress on ECs. A...

Hemodynamic forces modulate various endothelial cell functions under gene regulation. Previously, we have shown that fibrinolytic activity of endothelial cells is enhanced by the synergistic effects of shear stress and cytokines. In this study, we investigated the effect of shear stress on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced tissue factor (TF) expression in cultured human umbilical vein e...