as the first important controversy in the history of islam,imamate made the first religious sects and branches among the muslims the most important shia sects of shia ithnaashari,since its founding,the ismaili sect and the zaidiyyah the political life social and continue. imagine that each of these two categories of imamat, during the first centuries of islam. this article is based on relying o...

conclusions the current study showed that poorness and unreliability of “al-kafi” narratives is a vain thought. hence, it is recommended to perform clinical trial studies (at least) on accurate/authentic narratives, and also consider them as reputable and valid narratives, along with traditional medicine references. results from all narratives of the book “al-kafi” (pillars, furoo, and rouzat a...

The present article proposes the necessity of formation a modern Marjaʿīiyah in Twelver Shia. first feature is compatibility its inferences with rational and scientific achievements modernity. second interaction model society. In case issuing Fatwá, it includes an attachment arguments to enable imitator compare various Fatwás. This considers as social institution that devoid special sanctity ho...

These signs are used for the transliteration of the Arabic script into Gujarati by Ismaili Khoja communities. They are used for representing Arabic letters and signs for which correspondences do not exist in Gujarati. They were devised in the late 19th century and are standard elements of the Gujarati orthography used by the Ithnashari Khoja (“Twelver Shia”) and the Agakhani Khoja communities. ...

This paper develops a general equilibrium model with the banking system and the reserves market, where the central bank a¤ects the federal funds rate through open market operations. We show that when the coe¢ cient that measures the response of the federal funds rate to the in‡ation rate falls below a threshold value, which is very small, the economy will have two steady states, where the low-e...

The Fourier transform is one of the most important transformations in image processing. A major component of this influence comes from the ability to implement it efficiently on a digital computer. This paper describes a new methodology to perform a fast Fourier transform (FFT). This methodology emerges from considerations of the natural physical constraints imposed by image capture devices (ca...

The National Islamic Alliance (NIA) has evolved as a leading Shia Kuwaiti political group since the 1980s. NIA participates in electoral politics and cabinets. While its roots go back to activists Kuwait, some of whom were linked Iraq's Da'wa Party end 1960s, it is pragmatic nationalist group. article argues that shifted from being an active opposition 1990s pro-ruling family government 2008. N...

Hz. Peygamber’in vefatı akabinde vuku bulan hadiselerin ardından ortaya çıkan temel problemlerden birisi hilafet/İmamettir. Ehl-i Sünnet başta olmak üzere Şii olmayan mezhepler, her ne kadar dini anlamda özel önem atfetseler de nihayetinde onu beşerî bir görev/kurum olarak görmektedirler. Oysa İmamiyye Şiası, hilafet ve imamet kavramlarını birbirinden ayırmakta; hilafeti kurum görüp saltanatla ...