It is often asserted that secondary forests (SF) provide inferior forest-based ecosystem services (ES), but there limited research to generalize this claim. Here, we review comparisons between ES provision in SFs and other land uses shifting cultivation landscapes. We searched the peer-reviewed literature selected only studies compare from SF with uses. In total, 212 347 of different use system...

Tropical forests house over half of Earth's biodiversity and are an important influence on the climate system. These forests are experiencing escalating human influence, altering their health and the provision of important ecosystem functions and services. Impacts started with hunting and millennia-old megafaunal extinctions (phase I), continuing via low-intensity shifting cultivation (phase II...

Shifting cultivation (jhum cultivation), a common practice of converting forest land into agricultural by slash and burn is threatening the ecosystem. This study assesses effect shifting cycles on soil quality in North-eastern Himalayan region using minimum properties. To achieve this goal, index (SQI) approach multivariate techniques were used for surface (0-30 cm) subsurface (30-70 layers soi...