background: this study was conducted to explain the trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in kermanshah province, western iran from 1991- 2012. methods: in this analytical-descriptive study, all of the patients suspected to cl in kermanshah province were studied. smears were prepared from most of them, stained with giemsa, and examined microscopically for leishman bodies. a few of the patients ...

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BACKGROUND Acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) constitute the major causes of mortality and morbidity among under-five children of the developing world. The prevalence of ARIs is determined individually or collectively by a number of factors which may be prevalent in our environment. AIM The present study is aimed to determine the risk factors that affect the prevalence of ARIs in under...

Knowledge of the stellar parameters for the parent stars of transiting exoplanets is pre-requisite for establishing the planet properties themselves, and often relies on stellar evolution models. GJ 436, which is orbited by a transiting Neptune-mass object, presents a difficult case because it is an M dwarf. Stellar models in this mass regime are not as reliable as for higher mass stars, and te...

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors enhance the effect of DNA alkylating agents on BRCA1‑ and BRCA2-deficient cell lines. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the PARP inhibitor nicotinamide (NAM) on breast cancer cells with different BRCA1 expression or function, such as BRCA1‑deficient MDA-MB-436 cells, low expression BRCA1 MCF-7 cells, and the BRCA1 wild‑type MDA-MB-2...

We determine stellar parameters for the M dwarf GJ 436 that hosts a Neptunemass planet. We employ primarily spectral modeling at low and high resolution, examining the agreement between model and observed optical spectra of five comparison stars of type, M0-M3. Modeling high resolution optical spectra suffers from uncertainties in TiO transitions, affecting the predicted strengths of both atomi...

Spectrophotometry and imaging of the two planetary nebulae He 2-436 and Wray 16423, recently discovered to be in the Sagittarius dwarf elliptical galaxy, are presented. Wray 16-423 is a high excitation planetary nebula (PN) with a hot central star. In contrast He 2-436 is a high density nebula with a cooler central star and evidence of local dust, the extinction exceeding that for Wray 16-423 b...

Spectrophotometry and imaging of the two planetary nebulae He 2-436 andWray 16423, recently discovered to be in the Sagittarius dwarf elliptical galaxy, are presented. Wray 16-423 is a high excitation planetary nebula (PN) with a hot central star. In contrast He 2-436 is a high density nebula with a cooler central star and evidence of local dust, the extinction exceeding that for Wray 16-423 by...

life table parameters of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hã¼bner), on four sugar beet cultivars (renger, fd0005, dorothea and shirin) were studied in laboratory at 27 â± 1â°c, 60 â± 5% rh and a photoperiod of 16l: 8d hours. the larvae successfully developed on all cultivars. the shortest and longest total developmental time were recorded on fd0005 and renger, respectively. the development...