Drought stress responses and sensitivity of dioecious plants, such as Populus cathayana Rehd., are determined by different mechanisms in each sex. In general, males tend to be more resistant while females are more sensitive. Here, we used reciprocal grafting between males and females to determine the relative importance of roots and shoots when plants are exposed to drought stress. Total dry ma...

Poor seed germination and early seedling growth associated with urea-induced soil ammonia volatilization are major constraints in the adoption of dry direct-seeded rice. To directly examine soil ammonia volatilization and its damage to seed germination and early seedling growth of dry direct-seeded rice when urea is applied at seeding, two Petri-dish incubation experiments and a field experimen...

Aerenchyma attributes plant tissues that contain enlarged spaces exceeding those commonly found as intracellular spaces. It is known that sulfur (S) deficiency leads to formation of aerenchyma in maize adventitious roots by lysis of cortical cells. Seven-day-old maize plants were grown in a hydroponics setup for 19 days under S deprivation against full nutrition. At day 17 and 26 from sowing (d...

Subterranean clover inoculated or not with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices was grown on soil containing six levels of 238U in the range 0-87 mg kg(-1). Increasing U concentration in soil enhanced the U concentration in roots and shoots of both mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants but had no significant effects on plant dry matter production or root AM colonization. M...

Partial rootzone drying (PRD) is a new irrigation technique which improves the water use efficiency (by up to 50%) of wine grape production without significant crop reduction. The technique was developed on the basis of knowledge of the mechanisms controlling transpiration and requires that approximately half of the root system is always maintained in a dry or drying state while the remainder o...

Fluoride levels were determined in roots, stalks, and leaves of common underwater reeds (Phragmites australis) harvested in 2001 from a polluted reservoir near Luboń and an unpolluted reservoir near Radzewice, Poland. The mean fluoride concentrations in the roots, stalks and leaves of the polluted reservoir were, respectively, 213, 36.8, 51.1 mg F/kg dry mass. In the unpolluted reservoir they w...

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of synthetic wastewater containing various concentrations of cadmium and chromium on Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Six month-old seedlings of E. camaldulensis were treated with Cd (II) and Cr (VI) for 18 months. Treatments were; T0: (Tap water, control), T1: 0.05 +1.0 mg L, T2: 0.10+2.0 mg L, T3: 0.20+4.0 mg L and T4: 0.40+8.0 mg L of Cd and Cr ...

Spring planting is standard operational practice in the Central Hardwood Region, though little is known about potential impacts of low root temperature (RT) common during spring on establishment success of temperate deciduous forest tree species. The effects of low RT on growth, gas exchange, and root respiration following winter dormancy were studied in 1-year-old northern red oak (Quercus rub...

The phytotoxicity of Se(IV) was determined through root and shoot growth inhibition, biomass (dry (DM), fresh (FM)) production, water content, photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids) levels and Se accumulation in the roots and shoots. The sensitivities of monocotyledonae (Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum) and dicotyledonae plants (Sinapis alba, Brassica napus) we...