The signaling capacity of traces on the popular PCB dielectric.material FR4 is under-utilized today by at least one order of magnitude through the choice of pre-coding, pulseshaping, equalization, and receiver architecture. This paper determines the channel capacity of FX4 traces of various length in the presence of noise and crosstalk, and explores capacity limits based on signaling schemes su...

in many structures, the applied lateral loads are comparable with gravity loads. these types of piles which are subject to high lateral load are usually divided into two categories including long and short piles. the general methods to estimate lateral bearing capacity of short and long piles are based on ultimate bearing capacity and allowable horizontal displacement respectively. in the prese...

The violent event of a short-circuit leads to short-term exposure of circuit breaker components to extremely high current, causing thermal degradation, vaporization and deformation of some components and the deposition of surface contaminants. After short-circuit, the leakage current carried by the breaker, when voltage is applied, increases dramatically but must remain below a certain threshol...