The operation quality of shovel-truck systems (STSs) at open-pit coal mines in the summer and transitional autumn-spring periods differs markedly. This is due to a decrease speed haul trucks during season compared season. leads an increase travel time trucks. Shovels must work longer ensure planned volumes loading transportation required number hauls. Consequently, duration working shift (or da...

To clear pathogens from host tissues or biomaterial surfaces, phagocytes have to break the adhesive bacteria-substrate interactions. Here we analysed the mechanobiological process that enables macrophages to lift-off and phagocytose surface-bound Escherichia coli (E. coli). In this opsonin-independent process, macrophage filopodia hold on to the E. coli fimbriae long enough to induce a local pr...

We should remember that in its games the chimpanzee used a stick without any compelling practical necessity, as an object of play and that this stick, as an object of play, began to serve in a variety of roles: as a pole which it would climb, or, as a spoon, enabling it to eat, or as a shovel for digging up roots; lastly the animal used the tool as a ‘general purpose tool’, in Köhler’s expressi...