This study investigated infant social looking in a social referencing procedure with mothers and strangers. Sixty-one infants and their mothers participated when the infants were 18 and 24 months old. The frequency and latency of looking toward each adult when the baby encountered remotecontrolled ambiguous toys were measured. Mothers and strangers (female experimenters) expressed positive or n...

The problem of determining the optimal warranty period, assumed to coincide with the manufacturer’s lower specification limit for the lifetime of the product, is addressed. It is assumed that the quantity sold depends via a Cobb–Douglas-type demand function on the sale price and on the warranty period, and that both the cost incurred for a non-conforming item and the sale price increase with th...

It is common to summarize statistical comparisons by declarations of statistical significance or non-significance. Here we discuss one problem with such declarations, namely that changes in statistical significance are often not themselves statistically significant. By this, we are not merely making the commonplace observation that any particular threshold is arbitrary—for example, only a small...

Statistical NLP inevitably deals with a large number of rare events. As a consequence, NLP data often violates the assumptions implicit in traditional statistical procedures such as significance testing. We describe a significance test, an exact conditional test, that is appropriate for NLP data and can be performed using freely available software. We apply this test to the study of lexical rel...