We examined the shear properties of passive ventricular myocardium in six pig hearts. Samples (3 x 3 x 3 mm) were cut from adjacent regions of the lateral left ventricular midwall, with sides aligned with the principal material axes. Four cycles of sinusoidal simple shear (maximum shear displacements of 0.1-0.5) were applied separately to each specimen in two orthogonal directions. Resulting fo...

On the basis of a hydrodynamical model analogous to that in critical fluids, we investigate the influences of shear flow upon the electrostatic contribution to the viscosity of binary electrolyte solutions in the Debye-Hückel approximation. Within the linear-response theory, we reproduce the classical limiting law that the excess viscosity is proportional to the square root of the concentration...

Soybean meal ( SBM ), a co-product of soybean oil obtained via solvent or mechanical extrusion, is the key protein source in broiler diet formulations. Mechanical high-temperature processing with high-shear dry has demonstrated 1 to 2% increased amino acid digestibility broilers versus solvent-extracted through reduction antinutritional factors ANF ). High-shear extrusion followed by pressing u...

We present an analogy between large plastic deformations of polycrystals and turbulent flows in fluid dynamics. The analogy explains a number of effects observed during large deformations, still unexplained in the language of plasticity theory. We also propose a phenomenological criteria characterizing the “turbulence” of polycrystals. Using this criteria, the paper shows that simple shear is p...

We analyze the mechanisms underlying the deformation of a nanovoid in an Al crystal subjected to cyclic shear deformation using numerical simulations. Boundary and cell-size effects have been minimized by means of the quasicontinuum method. The deformation of the void entails a noticeable reduction in volume. During the loading phase, our analysis reveals several stages of stress buildup separa...

BACKGROUND Simple epithelia encase developing embryos and organs. Although these epithelia consist of only one or two layers of cells, they must provide tight barriers for the tissues that they envelop. Apoptosis occurring within these simple epithelia could compromise this barrier. How, then, does an epithelium remove apoptotic cells without disrupting its function as a barrier? RESULTS We s...