The peninsula effect predicts that the number of species should decline from the base of a peninsula to the tip. However, evidence for the peninsula effect is ambiguous, as different analytical methods, study taxa, and variations in local habitat or regional climatic conditions influence conclusions on its presence. We address this uncertainty by using two analytical methods to investigate the ...

1 Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America, 2 Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America, 3 Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America, 4 Department of Medicin...

TANNER MCGINN, BS RESEARCH ASSISTANT RUBIN INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED ORTHOPEDICS CENTER FOR JOINT PRESERVATION AND REPLACEMENT SINAI HOSPITAL OF BALTIMORE BALTIMORE, MARYLAND MORAD CHUGHTAI, MD RESEARCH FELLOW DEPARTMENT OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY CLEVELAND CLINIC CLEVELAND, OHIO ANIL BHAVE, PT PHYSICAL THERAPIST RUBIN INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED ORTHOPEDICS CENTER FOR JOINT PRESERVATION AND REPLACEMENT SI...

Departments of Oncological Sciences and Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Genética Molecular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. Department of Developmental Neurobiol...

The relation between relaxation, the time scale of Lyapunov instabilities, and the Kolmogorov-Sinai time in a one-dimensional gravitating sheet system is studied. Both the maximum Lyapunov exponent and the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy decrease as proportional to N−1/5. The time scales determined by these quantities evidently differ from any type of relaxation time found in the previous investigatio...

1 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3L9 Canada 2 Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3L9 Canada 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3L9 Canada 4 Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, ...

The Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy in the sense of Tsallis under Bernoulli shifts was obtained by Mesón and Vericat [J. Math. Phys. 37, 4480(1996)]. In this paper, we propose a revised generalized Kolmogorov-Sinai-q entropy under Markov shifts. The form of this generalized entropy with factor q is nonextensive. The new generalized entropy contains the classical Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy and Renýı entr...

The Raya port (eighth to 12th centuries) on the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, was one of the important port cities for the Red Sea trade. We performed on-site analyses of Islamic glass vessels (used in eighth to 11th centuries) mainly from this site in Egypt using a portable XRF spectrometer. The aim of this paper is to contribute to our understanding of the chemical compositions of early Islamic gla...

Leishmania are digenetic protozoa which inhabit two hosts, the sandfly where they grow as promastigotes in the gut, and the mammalian macrophage where they grow as amastigotes. Sandfly (or sand fly) is a colloquial name for any species or genus of flying, biting, blood-sucking Dipteran encountered in sandy areas. In the United States, sandfly may refer to certain horse flies that are also known...

Palaeoanthropologists and archaeologists have advanced a wide range of explanatory narratives for the various movements of Homo erectus/Homo ergaster, and the first modern Homo sapiens, “Out of Africa”—or even back again. The application of Occam’s razor—a parsimonious approach to causes—gives a more cautious approach. There is nothing in the available evidence that would require the ability fo...