Homologous recombination (HR) repairs DNA double-strand breaks and maintains genome stability. HR between linked, direct repeats can occur by gene conversion without an associated crossover that maintains the gross repeat structure. Alternatively, direct repeat HR can occur by gene conversion with a crossover, or by single-strand annealing (SSA), both of which delete one repeat and the sequence...

Many conventional chemotherapeutic drugs exert their cytotoxic function by inducing DNA damage in the tumor cell. Therefore, a cell-inherent DNA repair pathway, which reverses the DNA-damaging effect of the cytotoxic drugs, can mediate therapeutic resistance to chemotherapy. The monofunctional DNA-alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug and the gold standard...

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) act as DNA break sensors and catalyze the synthesis of polymers of ADP-ribose (PAR) covalently attached to acceptor proteins at DNA damage sites. It has been demonstrated that both mammalian PARP1 and PARP2 PARylate double-strand break termini in DNA oligonucleotide duplexes in vitro. Here, we show that mammalian PARP2 and PARP3 can PARylate and mono(ADP-rib...

The Web newspaper pagination problem consists of optimizing the layout of a set of articles extracted from several Web newspapers and sending it to the user as the result of a previous query. This layout should be organized in columns, as in real newspapers, and should be adapted to the client Web browser configuration in real time. This paper presents an approach to the problem based on simula...

This paper presents a multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for worker assignment and mixed-model assembly line balancing problem when task times depend on the worker’s skill level. The objectives of this model are minimization of the number of stations (equivalent to the maximization of the weighted line efficiency), minimization of the weighted smoothness index and minim...

This work presents a heuristic approach proposed by one of the finalists of the Third International Timetabling Competition (ITC2011). The KHE school timetabling engine is used to generate an initial solution and then Simulated Annealing (SA) and Iterated Local Search (ILS) perform local search around this solution.

Cenetic Algorithms (CA) and Slmulated Annealing (SA) have emerged as the leadlng methodologies for search and optimization problems in high dlmensional spaces. Previous attempts at hybrkllzing these two algorithms have been cumbersome and requlred major changes to both. In this paper we propose a simple scheme of using Simulated-Annealing Mutation (SAM) and Recombination (SAR) as operators In a...

Breast cancer is a major public health problem for women in the Iran and many other parts of the world. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) plays a pivotal role in breast cancer care, including detection, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring. But segmentation of these images which is seriously affected by intensity inhomogeneities created by radio-frequency coils is a ...

The question of satissability for a given proposi-tional formula arises in many areas of AI. Especially nding a model for a satissable formula is very important though known to be NP-complete. There exist complete algorithms for satissability testing like the Davis-Putnam-Algorithm, but they often do not construct a satisfying assignment for the formula , are not practically applicable for more...

This paper presents a Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm for solving the Environmental/Economic Dispatch Problem (EED). This problem is formulated as a multi-objective one with two competing functions, namely economic cost and emission functions, subject to different constraints. The inequality constraints considered are maximum and minimum limits of power generation while the equality constrai...