Skeletal development is a multistage process during which mesenchymal progenitor cells undergo proliferation and differentiation and subsequently give rise to bone and cartilage forming cells. Each step is regulated by various transcription factors and signaling molecules. microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Several in vivo and in vitro stud...

Mechanical forces are essential for normal adult bone function and repair, but the impact of prenatal muscle contractions on bone development remains to be explored in depth in mammalian model systems. In this study, we analyze skeletogenesis in two 'muscleless' mouse mutant models in which the formation of skeletal muscle development is disrupted; Myf5(nlacZ/nlacZ):MyoD(-/-) and Pax3(Sp/Sp) (S...

introduction: satellite cells are known as the main regenerative cell type in skeletal muscles. our study established a modified digestion and preplating method for the isolation of slow or weak adherent cells for the enrichment of satellite cells. low-survival rate of these primary stem cells prompted us to address whether cell culture medium substitution might change cell viability status. me...

background: the purpose of present study was to investigate whether sphingosine 1-phosphate (s1p) levels and its receptors gene expressions are correlated with myod and myogenin following resistance training. materials and methods: 24 eight-week-old male wistar rats (190-250 gr) were assigned randomly to a control (n = 12) or training (n = 12) group. rats climbed a resistance training ladder wi...

Embryonic skeletal development is the result of programmed differentiation and morphogenesis of the embryonic mesoderm. This review summarizes recent cellular and molecular findings on the mechanisms underlying development of the cranial, axial, appendicular skeletal components. Specifically, the identities and activities of patterning and morphogenetic genes are presented, as well as the regul...

Results of examinations of the prenatal dynamic of development of skeletal musculature of chicken have been presented in this paper. Eggs of two types of chicken hybrids were incubated – broiler (Ross 308) and layer (Hy-Line Brown). Samples were taken in determined intervals. For the analyses of samples, light and scanning electron microscopy were used. Morphological characteristics of skeletal...

PURPOSE Since stretching plays a key role in skeletal muscle tissue development in vivo, by making use of an innovative bioreactor and a biodegradable microfibrous scaffold (DegraPol(R)) previously developed by our group, we aimed to investigate the effect of mechanical conditioning on the development of skeletal muscle engineered constructs, obtained by seeding and culturing murine skeletal mu...

The development of a functional three-dimensional model of human skeletal muscle tissue could accelerate progress towards new and personalized treatments for skeletal muscle disorders.

In both rodents and humans, aging-associated reductions in skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and mitochondrial function have been linked to the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. However, whether reductions in skeletal muscle AMPK and mitochondrial capacity actually precipitate the development of aging-induced insulin resistance is not known. Mice lack...

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been increasing markedly in recent years. It may influence growth in pre pubertal children. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether increased Body Mass Index (BMI) is associated with accelerated skeletal maturation and dental maturation in six to fifteen years old orthodontic patients in Shiraz, Iran. M...