Terrain parameters derived from digital elevation models (DEMs), such as slope gradient, aspect and cell surface area, are represented as a vector normal to the surface and calculated using the minimum areal unit of the DEM, that is enclosed between four data points. The position of the Sun is calculated by applying rotational matrices to a unit vector defined at noon as a function of latitude ...

Knowledge of habitat requirements of aquatic animals plays an important role in fisheries and protection programs of aquatic ecosystems. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the suitability indexes of habitat use and habitat suitability index (HSI) of Barbus cyri in its distribution range in Tootkabon River. A number of environmental variables, including elevation, water depth, river ...

In daily life, walking is one of the most energy consumed activity. There are many researches’ focuses on energy expenditure estimation using GPS and 3-axis accelerometer for location tracking and activity monitoring. However, in the case of walking on a slope, GPS location tracking method and 3-axis accelerometer method are failed to estimate the energy consumption while walking on a slope. In...

The intensity and location of Sun glint in two Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) images was modeled using a radiative transfer model that includes elevation features as well as the slope of the sea surface. The results are compared to estimates made using glint flagging and correction approaches used within standard atmospheric correction processing code. The model estimate gives a...

Apparent particle size grading is the most important characteristic of super-high dumping site. On the basis of the development of the HHC-CA model and on-site survey of granular size distribution, the slope model of current situation, had considered the features of particle size grading, was established according to a super-high dumping site. FLAC was used to analyze the slope stability of cur...

Purpose: Little information is available on joint kinematic adaptations during walking on cross-slope surfaces (i.e. a surface incline perpendicular to the direction of locomotion). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cross-slope surfaces on three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of hip, knee, and ankle joints during stance phase of walking.  Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study...

Moso bamboos (Phyllostachys edulis) are important forestry plants in southern China, with substantial roles to play in regional economic and ecological systems. Mixing broad-leaved forests and moso bamboos is a common management practice in China, and it is fundamental to elucidate the interactions between broad-leaved trees and moso bamboos for ensuring the sustainable provision of ecosystem s...

abstract the objective of current research is to investigate distribution patterns of vegetation types and its relation with environmental factors in southern margin of haj aligholi kavir of damghan. three vegetation types including halecnemum strobilaceum, sedlitzia rosmarinus and artemisia sieberi were studied in marginal arid regions and uplands of the study area. firstly, geographic locatio...