The presence and degree of odor identification deficits in 55 HIV-infected (30 asymptomatic, 25 symptomatic) and 29 HIV-negative at-risk control volunteers were examined longitudinally using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Factors other than HIV infection that could account for olfactory loss (i.e., sinusitis or upper respiratory infection) were also considered...

Problems of inadequate nutrition and energy intake are common in the aging population. Smell and taste deficits associated with Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease (LOAD) may accentuate the decline in nutritional status of elderly individuals and indirectly enhance progression of cognitive problems in LOAD. The objective of this study was to explore and characterize smell and taste recognition abili...

INTRODUCTION This study determined whether coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery has any effect on olfactory function, employing the Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT). MATERIAL AND METHODS All the participants were informed preoperatively about the B-SIT test and the mode of its application. The test was performed by each patient preoperatively (d0) as well as 1 (d1) and 3 (d3)...

The odor stick identification test (OSIT) is a new test of olfactory function recently developed for Japanese people. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate this test in relation to T&T olfactometry and the cross-cultural smell identification test (CC-SIT) by applying to 110 Japanese patients with olfactory disturbance. The averaged recognition thresholds for five odorants in T&T olfa...

Design smell detection is considered an efficient activity that decreases maintainability expenses and improves software quality. Human context plays essential role in this domain. In paper, we propose a search-based approach to optimize the selection of human evaluators for design detection. For purpose, Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) employed identify optimal or near-optimal evaluator’s profiles. A...

Aims: UK publications base evidence on University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) results, yet UPSIT normative values are not transferrable outside the USA. This study was designed to (a) Estimate normative scores for the UK population and (b) Identify smells causing cultural bias. Methods: The UPSIT test was applied to 44 healthy individuals in the UK. Results: Results showed...

The internal consistency reliability (ICR) of the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and its 10-, 20-, and 30-item fractions was explored, as well as the relationships between the fractions and the entire 40-item test. Pearson correlation coefficients (rs) were computed among all independent combinations and permutations of the four 10-item UPSIT booklets using...

UNLABELLED The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (SIT) is the most cited olfactory test in the literature because it is easy to perform and there is high test-retest reliability. There were no standardized olfaction values in a normal Brazilian population. AIM To measure the SIT score in a group of Brazilians, and to assess the level of difficulty when implementing the test...

It is well established that olfactory dysfunction has significant implications for safety, nutrition, and quality of life. The more reliable standardized tests of olfactory function, such as the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), assess odor identification ability. Unfortunately, cultural factors can influence such tests, as a number of odors are not universally recog...