Research on sexual coercion from an evolutionary perspective has been given considerable attention in both the human and nonhuman literatures. Sexual Coercion in Primates and Humans: An Evolutionary Perspective on Male Aggression Against Females represents the first synthesis on primates, though reviews on sexual coercion in a wider variety of species have been published elsewhere (e.g., Lalumi...

Once a pathogen, always a pathogen? Not so—the fungus Pseudozyma flocculosa provides an intriguing example of a pathogen that took a different route (reviewed in Bélanger et al., 2012). Initially isolated from a powdery-mildew–infected leaf, P. flocculosa acts as a strong antagonist of powdery mildews (Erysiphales) and was thus developed as a biocontrol agent. However, the mechanism by which it...

Lehmann & Keller (2006) convincingly argue that cooperation or altruism can evolve only when at least one of the following conditions are met: (i) cooperation has direct personal benefits, (ii) individuals are genetically related, (iii) individuals have information on the likely behaviour of others or (iv) individuals recognize other cooperators through a phenotypic label (green beard recogniti...

The Primate Order comprises over 300 species and a wide range of different social systems (Smuts et al., 1987). Very few species have a fully solitary lifestyle. Most of the others are characterized by permanent associations between two or more adults and their young. Pair living is relatively rare, being characteristic of only 3% to 4% of primate species. Some of these socially monogamous spec...

Encounters and associations between adult male, adult female and subadult male orang-utans, Pongo pygmaeus, were examined at the Kutai National Park and Gunung Palung Nature Reserve, Indonesia. Observed rates of encounters, durations of associations and proportions of time spent in associations of two members of each age-sex class from each population were compared with expected values generate...

Di Bitetti, M. 2001. Food-associated calls in tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). Doctoral thesis, State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York. Di Bitetti, M. 2003. Food-associated calls of tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella nigritus) are functionally referential signals. Behaviour 140: 565 –592. Fichtel, C. and Hammerschmidt, K. 2002. Responses of red-fronted lemurs to experim...

Twenty juvenile members of known genealogies in two baboon groups were studied over a 16month period to evaluate a number of predictions about juvenile spacing behaviour based on the natural history of savannah baboons. Young juveniles (1-2.5 years old) approached more frequently and spent more time in proximity to other group members than did old juveniles (3-5.5 years old). In particular, you...

The growth of digital technologies in the economy has created new opportunities for entrepreneurs and organisations (Berman, 2012). world environment, supported by technological devices (e.g., mobile computing) social media platforms Facebook, Instagram), opened ways to create business models channels (Vasconcelos & Rua, 2021; Ciasullo Lim, 2022; Miháldinecz Rodrigues et al., 2022). Multina...

Alien tree invasions cause widespread impacts to ecosystem structure and function in many regions across the globe. Limiting the spread of these invasions into untransformed native ecosystems is often a management priority. Understanding the mechanisms by which these native ecosystems are able to resist tree invasion can not only enhance our understanding of invasion processes but may also aid ...

The paper deals with the cascade control of a tubular chemical reactor. The control is performed in the primary and secondary control-loops. A gain of the primary discrete nonlinear P controller consists of two parts. The first nonlinear part is determined on the basis of simulated or measured steady-state characteristics of the reactor, the second part is selectable. The controller in the seco...