To improve snowpack estimates in Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4), the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow cover fraction (SCF) was assimilated into the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4) via the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART). The interface between CLM4 and DART is a flexible, extensible approach to land surface data assimilation. This data assimilatio...

Abstract Studying the physical and chemical conditions of young embedded disks is crucial to constrain initial for planet formation. Here we present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations dust continuum at ∼0.″06 (8 au) resolution molecular line emission ∼0.″17 (24 toward Class 0 protostar L1527 IRS from Program eDisk (Early Planet Formation in Embedded Disks). The smooth wit...

The atmospheric composition of planets is determined by the chemistry disks in which they form. Studying gas-phase molecular thus allows us to infer what forming might be. Recent observations IRS 48 disk have shown that (asymmetric) dust traps can directly impact observable chemistry, through radial and vertical transport, sublimation ices. asymmetric HD 142527 provides another good opportunity...

Small organic molecules, such as C2H, HCN, and H2CO, are tracers of the C, N, O budget in protoplanetary disks. We present high angular resolution (10-50 au) observations H2CO lines five disks from Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) Large Program. derive column density excitation temperature profiles for HCN find that emission arises a temperate (20-30 K) layer disk, while C2H ...

Abstract EX Lup is a low-mass pre-main-sequence star that occasionally shows accretion-related outbursts. Here, we present JWST/MIRI medium-resolution spectroscopy obtained for 14 yr after its powerful outburst. now in quiescence and displays Class II spectrum. We detect forest of emission lines from molecules previously identified infrared spectra classical T Tauri disks: H 2 O, OH, , HCN, C C...

The gas surface density profile of protoplanetary disks is one the most fundamental physical properties to understand planet formation. However, it challenging determine observationally, because H$_2$ emission cannot be observed in low-temperature regions. We analyzed Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) archival data \co line toward disk around TW Hya and discovered extremely br...

Previous observations have shown that the $\lesssim$10 au, $\gtrsim$400 K hot inner disk of archetypal accretion outburst young stellar object, FU Ori, is dominated by viscous heating. To constrain dust properties in this region, we performed radio toward using Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) 2020 June-July, September, and November. We also complementary optical photometric monitoring ob...

TRAPPIST-1 is an 0.09 $M_{\odot}$ star, which harbours a system of seven Earth-sized planets. Two main features stand out: (i) all planets have similar radii, masses, and compositions; (ii) are in resonance. Previous works outlined pebble-driven formation scenario where composition form sequentially at the H$_2$O snowline (${\sim}0.1$ au for this low-mass star). It was hypothesized that subsequ...

A number of glaciological observations on debris-covered glaciers around the globe have shown a delayed length and mass adjustment in relation to climate variability, behavior normally attributed ice insulation effect thick debris layers. Dynamic interactions between cover, geometry surface topography can nevertheless govern glacier velocities changes over time, with many exhibiting high thinni...