How many racists does it take to maintain racial inequality? Historical evidence from the Jim Crow era suggests one needs a large number of racist advocates in various social arenas. More recent social scientific research, however, cites a significant decline in racist beliefs that have not been paralleled by declines in racial inequality. Hence, the strong hypothesized connection between racis...

In the last decade, the Jensen inequality has been intensively used in the context of time-delay or sampled-data systems since it is an appropriate tool to derive tractable stability conditions expressed in terms linear matrix inequalities (LMI). However, it is also well-known that this inequality introduces an undesirable conservatism in the stability conditions and looking at the literature, ...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate whether social capital could alleviate health inequality against racial discrimination and identify the critical nature of social capital that generates health inequality differences within the social context of South Korea. METHODS Using the data of the 2009 National Survey of Multicultural Families, a nationally representative sample in which 40,430 f...

How do social comparisons over time shape perceptions of inequality? In thinking about subjective inequality, it is important to ask which social comparisons matter in establishing people's sense of relative social position and wider inequalities. These issues are discussed by drawing on a qualitative study of popular genealogy, which examines how people make sense of social position in the pas...

In this paper, we propose a new multidimensional inequality index that satisfies a fundamental set of desired properties. We discuss the case where the social evaluation function of welfare depends simultaneously on unidimensional and multidimensional forms of inequality. We show how this mixed social norm interferes with the most popular axioms conceived specifically for multidimensional indic...

abstract   background: inequalities in health are ever increasing among different communities of either affluent or disadvantaged especially in urban areas. to identify and address inequalities in health and its determinants among societies, urban health equity assessment and response tool (urban heart) in four 'policy domains' related to social determinants of health, has been developed by who...

BACKGROUND Health is a complex phenomenon that can be studied from different approaches. Despite a growing research in the areas of Social Determinants of Health (SDH) and health equity, effects of macroeconomic policies on the social aspect of health are unknown in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the effect of macroeconomic policies on increasing of the social-health inequa...

This paper contains the main results concerning the evaluation of the consumption distribution of Iran in terms of levels, shape, inequality and social welfare for the years 1989 and 1994. The results show that the shape of consumption distribution in Iran is showed to the right and there is a large gap between the average level of consumption in rural and urban areas. Inequality in Iran is rel...

This paper analyses the extent of income inequality and opportunity inequality in 25 European countries. The present work contributes to understanding the origin of standard income inequality, helping to identify potential institutional setups that are associated to opportunity inequality. We distinguish between ex ante and ex post opportunity inequality. We find that ex ante equality of opport...

As information and communication technologies (ICT) are disseminated into inner-city communities, we tend to assume that broader access will naturally improve the life chances of the local actors that live in these historically underserved neighborhoods. However it is also prudent to challenge this assumption through an examination of the unintentional effects. Using empirical examples from an ...