Although the work of William Julius Wilson has done much to shed light on the role that social capital, or the lack thereof, has played in perpetuating joblessness among the urban poor, major gaps remain. Specifically, research in the urban poverty literature has almost exclusively theorized and measured social capital in terms of the poor’s network structure and composition. Thus, it is widely...

This research examines the negotiation of social sanctions against main character Karman in novel Kubah by Ahmad Tohari. uses literary sociology theory with text analysis to identify factors former PKI sympathizers novel. The results show that (1) Pegaten Village community is thick rural life and Javanese philosophy inherent each individual; (2) described includes kamanungsan, tepa slira, sikap...

John Austin famously claimed that the idea of sanctions is “the key to the science of jurisprudence.” Thus, he held legal rules to be threats backed by sanctions and statements of legal obligations as predictions that the threatened sanctions will be carried out. And before The Concept of Law was published in 1961, the concept of sanctions was central to every other positivistic theory of law a...

Complex systems are of interest to the scientific community due to their ubiquity and diversity in daily life. Popularity notwithstanding, the analysis of complex systems remains a difficult task, due to the problems in capturing high-volume data. Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs) have recently emerged as a tractable way to analyze complex system interactions, because these virtual env...

Cooperation among nonrelatives can be puzzling because cooperation often involves incurring costs to confer benefits on unrelated others. Punishment of noncooperators can sustain otherwise fragile cooperation, but the provision of punishment suffers from a "second-order" free-riding problem because nonpunishers can free ride on the benefits from costly punishment provided by others. One suggest...

In this paper we investigate two important and related aspects of the formalization of open interaction systems: how to specify norms, and how to enforce them by means of sanctions. The problem of specifying the sanctions associated to the violation of norms is crucial in an open system because, given that the compliance of autonomous agents to obligations and prohibitions cannot be taken for g...

Imposed Benefit Sanctions and the Unemployment-toEmployment Transition: The German Experience We analyze the effect of imposed benefit sanctions on the unemployment-to-employment transition of unemployed people entitled to unemployment compensation on the basis of register data from the German Federal Employment Agency. We combine propensity score matching with a discrete-time hazard rate model...

OBJECTIVES To examine the association between doctors' sex and receiving sanctions on their medical registration, while controlling for other potentially confounding variables. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The General Medical Council (GMC)'s List of Registered Medical Practitioners (LRMP) database of doctors practising in the UK. POPULATION All doctors on the GMC's LRMP on 29 May...