O some kinds of inequality are ethically objectionable. The distinction between morally acceptable and unacceptable inequal ity is perhaps the most important contribution of philosophical egalitarian thought during the last forty years. In particular, more information than the welfare derived from final outcomes is needed to render social judgment about the degree of inequality. One must also k...

Poverty, Inequality, and Growth in Urban China, 1986-2000 Although urban China has experienced spectacular income growth over the last two decades, increases in inequality, reduction in social welfare provision, deregulation of grain prices, and increases in income uncertainty in the 1990s have increased urban poverty. Using a large repeated cross-section household survey data from 1986 to 2000...

A central task in multiagent resource allocation, which provides mechanisms to allocate (bundles of) resources to agents, is to maximize social welfare. We assume resources to be indivisible and nonshareable and agents to express their utilities over bundles of resources, where utilities can be represented in the bundle form, the k-additive form, and as straight-line programs. We study the comp...

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We model group formation as a response to relative deprivation. We employ a simple measure of relative deprivation. We show that the process of deprivationinduced self-selection into groups reaches a unique steady state. We study the social welfare implications of the deprivation-induced process of group formation and show that when individuals are left to pursue their betterment the resulting ...

Stress is ubiquitous in everyday life, and chronic stress can have negative consequences for health and social welfare. Although a growing body of research addresses the relationships between stress, health, and quality of life, there is a gap in the literature with regard to the effects of stress among women at midlife. The purpose of this commentary is to provide a brief history of stress res...

Using a random sample of individuals in rural Bangladesh, this paper investigates people's ethical preferences regarding relative values of lives when it comes to saving lives of individuals of different ages. By assuming that an individual has preferences concerning different states of the world, and that these preferences can be described by an individual social welfare function, the individu...

A different branch embraces interpersonal comparability. Many welfare economists, in various subfields such as optimal tax theory, growth theory, public finance, environmental economics, and social choice theory, employ “social welfare functions” (SWF) as a key tool. Let x, y, z, ... denote different possible outcomes, i.e., states of affairs. The SWF methodology assigns a utility number to eac...

We offer a tractable model of broadcast media as a three-sided platform, serving entertainment and news to viewers, commercial opportunities to advertisers, and electoral influence to politicians. We characterize the profitmaximization decision of a media firm, and study the effect on social welfare of changes in the value of electoral influence, via induced changes in commercial advertising, t...

Research and development and innovation has an indisputable role in increasing the economic competitiveness of a country or a region and also indirectly in creating social welfare (Pitti 2006). Theoretical and practical professionals have been interested in this issue for decades, what is more for centuries. However it was not always called research and development and innovation but simply tec...