On 20 January 1975 a female, southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) was born at the San Antonio Zoo. The animal appeared normal until 16 February 1975, when diarrhea was noted. Clinical examination indi cated dehydration, weakness, and severe fluid diarrhea. Treatment included oral sulfanomides, neomycin, and belladonna alkaloidsa, intra muscular injections of sodium sulfachlorpy...

BACKGROUND Pain associated with infiltrating the skin with lidocaine can be reduced by buffering the solution with sodium bicarbonate. OBJECTIVES To determine the physical compatibility and chemical stability of lidocaine hydrochloride solution buffered with 8.4% sodium bicarbonate, with and without epinephrine, packaged in polypropylene syringes and stored at 5°C with protection from light. ...

Membrane potential and permselectivity are critical parameters for a variety of electrochemically-driven separation and energy technologies. An electric potential is developed when a membrane separates electrolyte solutions of different concentrations, and a permselective membrane allows specific species to be transported while restricting the passage of other species. Ion exchange membranes ar...

Thle management of gastro-enteritis with dehydration and electrolyte and acid-base disturbances presents one of the commonest clinical problems in hospital paediatric practice in Capetown. A large proportion of the 150,000 attendances at the outpatient department of the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital are concerned with gastro-enteritis. During the summer months up to 90 or more dehy...

1. Distal blockade by simultaneous administration of ethacrynic acid and chlorothiazide was performed in healthy subjects whose extracellular fluid was expanded by iso-osmotic sodium chloride or bicarbonate. The results obtained were compared with those from non-expanded subjects (Ardaillou & Fillastre, 1969). 2. By this technique urine approximates in composition to proximal tubular fluid and ...

The electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1 (SLC4A4) is a robust regulator of intracellular H(+) and a significant base carrier in many cell types. Using wild-type (WT) and NBCe1-deficient (NBC-KO) mice, we have studied the role of NBCe1 in cortical astrocytes in culture and in situ by monitoring intracellular H(+) using the H(+)-sensitive dye BCECF [2',7'-bis-(carboxyethyl)-5-(and-...

Two aspirin tablets in 100 ml fluid will produce microscopical damage to the human stomach. A study was performed to determine whether a small amount of sodium bicarbonate (equivalent to one-third of a teaspoonful of baking soda) could protect against this damage. Sequential gastric biopsy specimens were taken from 15 healthy subjects before, during, and after intragastric instillation of one o...

BACKGROUND Lactic acidosis is a common cause of high anion gap metabolic acidosis. Sodium bicarbonate may be considered for an arterial pH <7.15 but paradoxically depresses cardiac performance and exacerbates acidosis by enhancing lactate production. This study aimed to evaluate the cause and mortality rate of lactic acidosis and to investigate the effect of factors, including sodium bicarbonat...