Sodium transport via epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) expressed in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) provides the driving force for removal of fluid from the alveolar space. The membrane-bound channel-activating protease 1 (CAP1/Prss8) activates ENaC in vitro in various expression systems. To study the role of CAP1/Prss8 in alveolar sodium transport and lung fluid balance in vivo, we generated m...

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a group of drugs that block the enzyme responsible for reabsorption glucose and sodium in proximal part nephron. They appeared clinical practice about decade ago treatment type 2 diabetes mellitus, but first studies showed potential these agents preventing cardiovascular renal events. Among main mechanisms renoprotective effect SGLT2i, foll...

Sodium overload of cardiac cells can accompany various pathologies and induce fatal cardiac arrhythmias. We investigate effects of elevated intracellular sodium on the cardiac action potential (AP) and on intracellular calcium using the Luo-Rudy model of a mammalian ventricular myocyte. The results are: 1) During rapid pacing, AP duration (APD) shortens in two phases, a rapid phase without Na(+...

Volume overload can be both the cause and effect of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Overhydration often accompanies renal insufficiency. In cardiovascular (CVD), fluid also function impairment. Beside salt restriction, loop diuretics are first-line therapy. Frequently developed resistance overcome by switching to intravenous administration, adding albumin alone or in combination with other diuret...

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2) have been increasingly pursued as a promising target for addressing residual cardiovascular risk. Prior trials demonstrated that SGLT2i not only promotes glucose-lowering, but also improves endothelial dysfunction, adiposity, fluid overload, and insulin sensitivity thus contributing to hemodynamic changes implicated in its cardiorenal benefits. ...

The mechanisms involved in the maintenance of sodium homeostasis are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on localization of sodium reabsorption, effects of physical factors on glomerular ultrafiltration and tubular reabsorption, and action of certain hormones. Responses to arterial hypovolemia and hypervolemia are reviewed.

Hypernatremia stimulates the secretion of oxytocin (OT), but the physiological role of OT remains unclear. The present study sought to determine the involvement of OT and renal nerves in the renal responses to an intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline. Male Wistar rats (280-350 g) were anesthetized with sodium thiopental (40 mg. kg(-1), i.v.). A bladder cannula was implanted for collection o...

among the environmental stresses, salinity is a major limiting factor in world legumes production is considered. in this study, sodium chloride and salicylic acid interaction on growth parameters were investigated in greenhouse with factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications. the plant consisted of three cultivars of lentil (kimiya, kermanshah and gachsara...

BACKGROUND Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) are often afflicted with the consequences of right heart failure including volume overload. Counseling to assist the patient in the dietary restriction of sodium and fluid may be underutilized. METHODS Consecutive patients seen in the PH Clinic at Mayo Clinic in Florida from June to November 2013. RESULTS 100 patients were included; 70 we...

Neuro-axonal degeneration occurs progressively from the onset of multiple sclerosis and is thought to be a significant cause of increasing clinical disability. Several histopathological studies of multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis have shown that the accumulation of sodium in axons can promote reverse action of the sodium/calcium exchanger that, in turn, leads to ...