The influence of the salts KCl, NaCl, and NaI at molar concentrations on the α-helical folding kinetics of the alanine-based oligopeptide Ace-AEAAAKEAAAKA-Nme is investigated by means of (explicit-water) molecular dynamics simulations and a diffusional analysis. The mean first passage times for folding and unfolding are found to be highly salt-specific. In particular, the folding times increase...

The aim of this study was to improve the transdermal permeation of Diclofenac Soduim. Permeation studies were carried out in -vitro using Cellophane Membrane. Topical gel formulations of diclofenac sodium were prepared by using Carbopol 934, Carbopol 940, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC), polymer as a gel-forming material that is biocompatible and biodegradable. The skin permeation enhance...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Secretory diarrhea is caused by inhibition of intestinal active sodium absorption and stimulation of active chloride secretion. The resulting increase in fecal sodium salts causes an isotonic increase in fecal water output. Abnormalities in potassium transport are not known to be a cause of secretory diarrhea. The aim of our report is to describe a patient with secretory diarr...

It has been known for a considerable time, e.g. Rachford (1891), that the addition of bile salts increases the rate of hydrolysis of fat by pancreatic lipase. Bile salts could speed up the rate of hydrolysis by activating the enzyme molecule, but since they are surface-active agents and therefore emulsifying agents it is clear that their activating effect could be simply due to an emulsificatio...

Using a ball mill, rapid, atom-economic coupling between adenosine-5'-phosphoromorpholidate and phosphorylated ribose derivatives as their sodium or barium salts was achieved. Facile purification by reversed-phase HPLC enabled product isolation within hours.

Scheffer RE, Kowatch RA, Carmody T, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of mixed amphetamine salts for symptoms of comorbid ADHD in paediatric bipolar disorder after mood stabilization with divalproex sodium. Am J Psychiatry 2005;162:58–64. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

Water produced with coalbed natural gas (CBNG) attains its characteristic sodium-bicarbonate composition through a series of processes, including dissolution of salts, precipitation of salts, pyrite oxidation, ion exchange, sulfate reduction, and methanogenesis. After CBNG-produced water is discharged to the surface, interaction with the atmosphere will initiate the precipitation of calcite, ir...

The interference of some specific aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) phase-forming components in bovine serum albumin (BSA) determination by the Bradford method was investigated. For this purpose, calibration curves were obtained for BSA in the presence of different concentrations of salts and polymers. A total of 19 salts [Na₂SO₄, (NH₄)₂SO₄, MgSO₄, LiSO₄, Na₂HPO₄, sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0)...

THESE EXPERIMENTS SUGGEST THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSIONS CONCERNING HEMOLYTIC ACTION: 1. It is probably the proteid part of the serum which inhibits the bile salts. 2. The cholalic acid group is the active part of the bile salt molecule. 3. The protection afforded by bile salts against serum is of especial interest from the following considerations: (a) The protective action is a property apparently...

In a recent communication by Arthur Edmunds, t it is stated that the fall of blood pressure produced by intravenous injection of bile salts is insignificant. The statement is supported by the reproduction of tracings obtained from such experiments. The one obtained after an injection of 5 cubic centimeters of a i per cent. solution of sodium glycocholate shows hardly any depression. The depress...