Solid solution effects on the strength of the finest nanocrystalline grain sizes are studied with molecular dynamics simulations of different Cu-based alloys. We find evidence of both solid solution strengthening and softening, with trends in strength controlled by how alloying affects the elastic modulus of the material. This behavior is consistent with a shift to collective grain boundary def...

The micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) resonator developed based on surface processing technology usually changes the section shape either due to excessive etching or insufficient etching. In this paper, a section parameter is proposed to describe the microbeam changes in the upper and lower sections. The effect of section change on the mechanical properties is studied analytically and veri...

In this paper we describe an adaptive softening length formalism for collisionless N−body and self-gravitating Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) calculations which conserves momentum and energy exactly. This means that spatially variable softening lengths can be used in N−body calculations without secular increases in energy. The formalism requires the calculation of a small additional term...

By combining continuum elasticity theory and tight-binding atomistic simulations, we work out the constitutive nonlinear stress-strain relation for graphene stretching elasticity and we calculate all the corresponding nonlinear elastic moduli. Present results represent a robust picture on elastic behavior and provide the proper interpretation of recent experiments. In particular, we discuss the...

Strips of rabbit detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) exhibit adjustable passive stiffness characterized by strain softening: a loss of stiffness on stretch to a new length distinct from viscoelastic behavior. At the molecular level, strain softening appears to be caused by cross-link breakage and is essentially irreversible when DSM is maintained under passive conditions (i.e., when cross bridges are ...

This study examined whether partners can soften the defenses associated with attachment-related avoidance. Heterosexual couples (N = 180) were video-recorded having 2 discussions in which 1 partner (the agent of influence) wanted the other partner (the target of influence) to change in some way. After rating how successful the discussion was in producing change, agents and targets reviewed thei...

We study the low-temperature behavior of a simple cluster-crystal forming system through simulation. We find the phase diagram to be hybrid between the Gaussian core model and the penetrable sphere model. The system additionally exhibits S-shaped doubly reentrant phase sequences as well as critical isostructural transitions between crystals of different average lattice site occupancy. Because o...

Classification of potential energy minima-mechanically stable molecular packings-offers a unifying principle for understanding condensed phase properties. This approach permits identification of an inherent structure in liquids that is normally obscured by thermal motions. Melting and freezing occur through characteristic sequences of molecular packings, and a defect-softening phenomenon underl...

Virtually every soil "lives" in that all of its properties undergo changes with time some insignificant, but others very important. Time-dependent chemical, geomicrobiological, and mechanical processes may result in compositional and structural changes that lead to softening, stiffening, strength loss, strength gain, or altered conductivity properties. The need to predict what the properties an...

in the present work, attempts have been made to find appropriate coating by testing different compounds. results showed that the optimum enamel is a compound with 1 wt.% cobalt oxide, 3 wt.% chromium oxide (in addition to hundred percent) with the firing temperature of 840 ˚c. constants of vft equation were determined by examination of melting behavior of the optimum enamel and measurement of t...