Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are widespread root symbionts that often improve the fitness of their plant hosts. We tested whether local adaptation in mycorrhizal symbioses would shape the community structure of these root symbionts in a way that maximizes their symbiotic functioning. We grew a native prairie grass (Andropogon gerardii) with all possible combinations of soils and AM fungal ...

In last two decades, it has been theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that seismic metamaterials are capable of isolating surface waves. Inertial amplification mechanisms with small mass have proposed to design isolate elastic waves in rods, beams, plates at low frequencies. this Letter, we propose an alternative type metamaterial providing ultra-low-frequency bandgap induced by inerti...

Verrucomicrobia are ubiquitous in soil, but members of this bacterial phylum are thought to be present at low frequency in soil, with few studies focusing specifically on verrucomicrobial abundance, diversity, and distribution. Here we used barcoded pyrosequencing to analyze verrucomicrobial communities in surface soils collected across a range of biomes in Antarctica, Europe, and the Americas ...

The present study describes the rapid and efficient indirect lysis method for environmental DNA extraction from athalassohaline soil by newly formulated cell extraction buffer. The available methods are mostly based on direct lysis which leads to DNA shearing and co-extraction of extra cellular DNA that influences the community and functional analysis. Moreover, during extraction of DNA by dire...

Soil faunal communities are often phylogenetically diverse and the accurate assessment of the taxonomic structure of these communities is both time-consuming and requires a high level of taxonomic expertise. Here we describe a DNA sequence-based methodology for characterizing soil microand mesofaunal communities that is similar to the molecular approaches commonly used to survey soil microbial ...

In this study, we employed a modified method to extract DNA from forest topsoil that was suitable for construction of large insert soil metagenomic library. The DNA extraction method used produced considerable DNA yield with DNA fragments ranging from 48 kb up to 290 kb. The recovery of soil DNA suitable for PCR and metagenomic library construction is difficult because soil DNA is often co-puri...

White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging disease causing unprecedented morbidity and mortality among bats in eastern North America. The disease is characterized by cutaneous infection of hibernating bats by the psychrophilic fungus Geomyces destructans. Detection of G. destructans in environments occupied by bats will be critical for WNS surveillance, management and characterization of the fung...

AIMS In this study, a real-time fluorescence loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RealAmp) was developed and evaluated for the rapid and quantitative detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (R4) in soil. METHODS AND RESULTS The LAMP primer set was designed based on previously verified RAPD marker sequences, and the RealAmp assay could specifically detect and distinguish R4 is...

ganisms increases, which provides a means to determine phylogenetic relationships and to distinguish microorSeparation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–amplified 16S ganisms from one another (Woese, 1987; Woese, 1992). rDNA products using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was tested as a means to study microbial community compoPresently, the rRNA genes in DNA taken directly from ...