Paddy rice fields occupy broad agricultural area in China and cover diverse soil types. Microbial community in paddy soils is of great interest since many microorganisms are involved in soil functional processes. In the present study, Illumina Mi-Seq sequencing and functional gene array (GeoChip 4.2) techniques were combined to investigate soil microbial communities and functional gene patterns...

In order to elucidate the distribution of soil nematodes in coastal wetlands and the effect of different distance from the sea line on soil nematode communities, we investigated the community structure of soil nematodes in one wetland perpendicularly oriented from Bohai sea coastline. In June 2006, soil samples were collected from the Yellow River Delta wetlands, in Dongying city of Shandong Pr...

Microbial breakthrough curves of 12 soils, generated by the application of dairy shed effluent followed by continuous artificial rainfall for one pore volume at 5 mm h(-1) onto large undisturbed soil cores, have been ranked as high, medium, or low potential for microbial bypass flow. The ranking is based on the position of the peak in the breakthrough curve. Knowledge of soil properties that af...

in practice, foundations are settled on the soft layers of soil, so the ground must be designed as well as the structure. wave propagation and hysteresis damping of soil layers may alter the seismic response of flexible-base design in comparison to controversial fixed-base. lots of uncertainties about this issue, necessitate most of seismic design standards including iranian standard no. 2800 t...

Converting forest and wetland landscapes to agriculture has shown result in a loss of organic matter, structure, microbial diversity the converted soil but recovery post-agricultural soils remains poorly understood. Here we coupled landscape-scale surveys 1) carbon nitrogen levels, 2) aggregation, 3) bacterial metagenomes investigate after 30 years sites with ranging from well drained drained. ...

Termites are the most important soil fauna in the Sahelian zone of Africa, intensely interacting with the soil. Both the biotic and abiotic state of the soil affect the termite population and activity. The construction by termites of nests, gallery systems or sheetings from soil or from a mixture of soil and other material within the soil horizons or on the soil surface affect the physical and ...

Aseismic design of gravity wall still is a more difficult issue. The reason stems from the complexity of the problem which requires skills in soil mechanics, foundation engineering, soil-structure interaction along with knowledge of structure dynamics. Designing seismic gravity retaining structures deals with both kinematic interaction and inertial interaction but almost seismic building code n...

This paper is focused on soil subsidence of small extend and amplitude caused by tunnel boring or the collapse of underground cavities, whether natural or man-made. The impact of the movements of the ground on existing structures is generally dramatic. It is therefore necessary to accurately predict these movements (settlements and horizontal extension or compression displacements). Even though...