Increasingly, using lower energy cost system to overcome the need of human beings is of interest in today's energy conservation environment. To address the solution, several approaches have been undertaken in past. Where, renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic systems are one of the suitable options that will study in this paper. Furthermore, significant work has been carried out in the ...

This paper reviews the theoretical approaches and existing models of the solar wind interaction with the Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC). Models discussed take into account the multi-component nature of the solar wind and local interstellar medium. Basic results of the modeling and their possible applications to interpretation of space experiments are summarized. Open questions of global modelin...

Wind and solar generators differ from conventional generators in their generation characteristics. The variable output and imperfect predictability of these generators face a stochastic approach to plan and operate the power system without fundamentally changing the operation and planning problems. This paper overviews stochastic modeling challenges in operations, generation planning, and trans...

In this paper, a model for closed loop solar system is presented and an attempt is made to generalize the model to be utilized for primary design of any solar active thermal system. This model may be used for systems in which gas or a liquid are fluids that flow. Two new parameters, namely, the system heat delivery factor and the system heat absorption factor are introduced in the model. These ...

Utilization of fossil fuel for supplying of requires energy of desalination systems is common. On the other hand, solar energy is one of the high-grade energies in the world that can be found specifically in hot weather places. Therefore, utilization of solar energy for operation of desalination systems will reduce greenhouse gases and is a good alternative way. Common exergy analysis method (s...

Dry areas near the sea can obtain fresh water through solar distillation of saline sea water resources. However, these solar distillation sites produce wastewater as a result of desalination of sea water with high salt concentration. Waste must be disposed of with the least effect on the receiving environment (sea, in most cases). Initial dilution and its characteristics play important roles in...

Frank Forcella USDA-ARS North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory, 803 Iowa Avenue, Morris, MN 56267 Two major properties that determine weed seed germination are soil temperature and moisture content. Incident radiation is the primary variable controlling energy input to the soil system and thereby influences both moisture and temperature profiles. However, many agricultural field si...

Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models of plasma can be used to model many phenomena in the solar system. In this work we investigate the use of a general MHD solver the Flash code for the simulation of the interaction between the solar wind and solar system objects. As a test case we simulate the three-dimensional solar wind interaction with a simplified model of a comet and describe the modificatio...