Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and the dystrophic mdx mouse have an elevated demand for ATP requiring processes, including Ca2+ regulation and skeletal muscle regeneration. As a key substrate for cellular ATP production, altered glycogen metabolism may contribute significantly to dystrophic pathology and explain reports of mild glucose intolerance. We compare the soleus and extensor...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the changes of the SUN1 protein levels on soleus muscle in diabetic male wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats with 10 weeks old and weighing 200-250 grams were selected. After two weeks, the rats were divided into two groups (diabetic group and healthy group). After 12 hours fasting, diabetes was induced by intraperiton...

Despite surgical innovation, the sensory and motor outcome after a peripheral nerve injury remains incomplete. One contributing factor to the poor outcome is prolonged denervation of the target organ, leading to apoptosis of both mature myofibres and satellite cells with subsequent replacement of the muscle tissue with fibrotic scar and adipose tissue. In this study, we investigated the express...

Oxidative capacity of muscles correlates with capillary density and with microcirculation, which in turn depend on various regulatory factors, including NO generated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). To determine the role of eNOS in patterns of regulation of energy metabolism in various muscles, we studied mitochondrial respiration in situ in saponin-permeabilized fibres as well as t...

Sphingosine 1-phosphate is a bioactive lipid that modulates skeletal muscle growth through its interaction with specific receptors localized in the cell membrane of muscle fibers and satellite cells. This study analyzes the role of S1P(2) receptor during in vivo regeneration of soleus muscle in two models of S1P(2) deficiency: the S1P(2)-null mouse and wild-type mice systemically treated with t...

The calf muscles, compared with the thigh, are less responsive to resistance exercise in ambulatory and bed-rested individuals, apparently due to muscle-specific differences in protein metabolism. We chose to evaluate the efficacy of using amino acids to elevate protein synthesis in the soleus, because amino acids have been shown to have a potent anabolic effect in the vastus lateralis. Mixed m...

This study examined the influence of the ovarian sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone, on the fiber-type-specific response of the inducible 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) to damaging exercise in rat soleus. Ovariectomized female rats were divided into three treatment groups (n = 16 per group): sham (S), progesterone (P; 25 mg pellet), and estrogen (E; 0.25 mg pellet). Each treatment group...

Sclerostin is a circulating osteocyte-derived glycoprotein that negatively regulates Wnt-signaling after binding the LRP5/LRP6 co-receptors. Pharmacologic sclerostin inhibition produces bone anabolic effects after spinal cord injury (SCI), however, the effects of sclerostin-antibody (Scl-Ab) on muscle morphology remain unknown. In comparison, androgen administration produces bone antiresorptive...

An H reflex conditioning technique was used to monitor the transmission of heteronymous recurrent inhibition from soleus to quadriceps motor neurones of the human lower limb. Inhibition declined during quadriceps muscle contraction under all conditions examined, falling to zero at around one-third of the maximum voluntary contraction. Inhibition declined during soleus muscle contraction in sitt...

Denervation induces skeletal muscle atrophy, which primarily impairs oxidative slow twitch fibers. The underlying mechanism of this phenomenon, however, remains to be addressed. We hypothesize that denervation-induced fiber-specific atrophy may result from the distinct activities of different signaling pathways that are involved in protein synthesis and degradation in fast- and slow-twitch fibe...