The objective of this study was to develop nanoemulsion formulations for enhancement of oral bioavailability of paclitaxel, a model hydrophobic drug and P-glycoprotein substrate. The oil-in-water (o/w) nanoemulsions were made with pine nut oil as the internal oil phase, egg lecithin as the primary emulsifier, and water as the external phase. Stearylamine and deoxycholic acid were used to impart...

Abstract: Objectives: A systematic study is required to enhance the solubility of insoluble fluid drugs that are only sparingly soluble. Hydrotropy may be a distinctive development reinforce liquid poorly water-soluble drugs. Materials and Methods: The term hydrotropic has been wont designate rise in assorted substances water because presence enormous amounts additives. Sodium salicylate, sodiu...

Poor drug encapsulation efficiency and rapid release of the encapsulated drug limit the use of nanoparticles in biomedical applications involving water-soluble drugs. We have developed a novel polymer-surfactant nanoparticle formulation, using the anionic surfactant Aerosol OT (AOT) and polysaccharide polymer alginate, for sustained release of water-soluble drugs. Particle size of nanoparticles...

Solid dispersions have been employed to enhance the dissolution rates of poorly water-soluble drugs. Many approaches have been investigated for the preparation of solid dispersions. This paper reports the various solubility enhancement strategies in solid dispersion. The approaches described are fusion (melting), solvent evaporation, lyophilization (freeze drying), melt agglomeration process, e...

The oral bioavailability of BCS (biopharmaceutics classification system) class II drugs with poor solubility and reasonable permeability is limited by the drug dissolution step from drug products. Though prodrug approach is an exciting way of improving the oral bioavailability, it requires extensive studies to establish the safety profile of prodrugs in humans. In view of the increasing market ...

During the last two decades, many modern technologies have been established in the pharmaceutical research and development area. The automation of the drug discovery process by technologies such as high-throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry, and computer-aided drug design is leading to a vast number of drug candidates possessing a very good efficacy [1]. Unfortunately, many of these dru...

Contrary to popular belief, the elimination of active drug by renal excretion is a relatively unimportant mechanism for the termination of drug action. Most drugs are weak electrolytes which are lipid-soluble in the un-ionized state, and as such they cannot be excreted by the kidney because they are extensively reabsorbed. These lipid-soluble drugs are invariably metabolized to more water-solub...

Hydrogels are three-dimensional materials that can withstand a great amount of water incorporation while maintaining integrity. This allows hydrogels to be very unique biomedical materials, especially for drug delivery. Much effort has been made to incorporate hydrophilic molecules in hydrogels in the field of drug delivery, while loading of hydrophobic drugs has not been vastly studied. Howeve...

Among all newly discovered chemical entities about 40% drugs are lipophillic and fail to reach market due to their poor water solubility. Drug with poor water solubility cause slow dissolution rates, generally show erratic and incomplete absorption leading to low bioavailability when administered orally. Aqueous solubility of any therapeutically active substance is a key property, as it governs...

At present about 40% of the drugs being in the development pipelines are poorly soluble, even up to 60% of compounds coming directly from synthesis are poorly soluble [1]. Poor solubility is in most cases associated with poor bioavailability. According to the Noyes-Whitney law the dissolution velocity dc/dt depends on the saturation solubility cs. There are two basic approaches to overcome the ...