Dystonia represents the third most common movement disorder in humans. At least 15 genetic loci (DYT1-15) have been identified and some of these genes have been cloned. TOR1A (formally DYT1), the gene responsible for the most common primary hereditary dystonia, encodes torsinA, an AAA ATPase family protein. However, the function of torsinA has yet to be fully understood. Here, we have generated...

The relative suitability of two colonies established from local strains of Aedes albopictus (Wilmington and Rockingham) and a local (Raleigh) and laboratory (Liverpool) strain of Ae. aegypti to support development of Dirofilaria immitis was investigated. High levels of mortality occurred 1-2 days after mosquitoes fed on a heavily microfilaremic (28,617 microfilariae/ml) dog but not when mosquit...

Smohmmc B. E., KHOURY P. B. and SOULSRY E. J. L. 1977. Development of larvae of Ascuris suum from the third to the fourth stage in a chemically defined medium. International Journal for Purusikhgy 7: 149-151. Third stage larvae of Ascaris suum, recovered from the lungs of rabbits 7 days after oral infection with eggs, were cultured to the fourth larval stage in chemically defined, low molecular...

the study of changes the amount of protein, lipid, carbohydrates, fiber, ash and moisture of farmed litopenaeus vannamei at different stages of growth was performed. samples at the stages of post larvae 12, shrimp with 1, 2 and 3 months age, grow-out and market shrimp at the end of the period were provided from hatchery and breeding centers in khuzestan province. chemical composition w measured...

BACKGROUND Third-stage larvae (L3) of the canine hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, undergo arrested development preceding transmission to a host. Many of the mRNAs up-regulated at this stage are likely to encode proteins that facilitate the transition from a free-living to a parasitic larva. The initial phase of mammalian host invasion by A. caninum L3 (herein termed "activation") can be mimicked ...

1. Predator-mediated coexistence occurs when predation allows competitors to coexist, due to preferential consumption of a superior competitor relative to an inferior competitor. Differences between the native treehole mosquito (Aedes triseriatus) and the co-occurring Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) in anti-predatory larval behaviours account, in part, for the greater vulnerability of t...

Cocoon formation by cat flea larvae was directly related to the quantity of eggs or yeast consumed. Larvae consuming either 1-3 eggs or 0.25-1.0 mg of yeast developed as naked pupae or formed incomplete cocoons. Third instar cat flea larvae fed upon naked pupae and pupae within partial cocoons, but complete cocoons protected pupae from cannibalism. First and second instars did not attack pupae....

A total of 1,788 livers from swamp eels (Fluta alba), purchased at a market in Bangkok, Thailand, from April to July 2002, were studied for the prevalence and intensity of Gnasthostoma third stage larvae (L3s). Of all livers, 466 were infected with Gnasthostoma L3s (infection rate = 26%). The larvae recovered averaged 0.43 +/- 0.51 larvae/liver. All larvae were identified as Gnasthostoma spinig...

Myiasis is a parasitic infection caused by dipteran larvae settling in living tissue and organs. Infestation is generally found in tropical and rural areas, where interaction with animals is common. It is diagnosed based on the evidence of the existence of dipteran larvae in tissues and organs. When planning the treatment, identifying the type of larvae is as important as identifying the infect...