Trait anxiety began as a psychodynamic concept, poorly tied to observables, and requiring Freudian defense mechanisms to explain recurrent anxiety episodes. Spielberger's thoughtful efforts improved the concept, but some important limitations remained. Lilienfeld, Turner, and Jacob (1989, 1993, 1996) uncritically accepted Spielberger's work on trait anxiety and asserted that it is the standard ...

Abstract Different bacterial community profiles were observed on the soft coral Dendronephthya sp. and an inanimate reference site using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of bacterial community DNA. To correlate the observation with a chemical defense mechanism against bacterial epibiosis, antibacterial effects of coral tissue extracts and waterborne products of coral-a...

Real world planning tasks like manufacturing process planning often don't allow to formalize all of the relevant knowledge. Especially, preferences between alternatives are hard to acquire but have high innuence on the eeciency of the planning process and the quality of the solution. We describe the essential features of the CAPlan planning architecture that supports cooperative problem solving...

Rapid prototyping and tool reusability h a v e pushed knowledge acquisition research to investigate method-specic knowledge acquisition tools appropriate for predetermined problem-solving methods. We believe that method-dependent knowledge acquisition is not the only approach. The aim of our research i s t o d e v elop powerful yet versatile machine learning mechanisms that can be incorporated ...

Memetic algorithms (MAs) are meta-heuristics that join genetic algorithms with hill climbing. MAs have recognized success in solving difficult search and optimization problems. Hyperheuristics are proposed as an alternative to meta-heuristics. A hyperheuristic is a mechanism that chooses a heuristic from a set of heuristics, applies it to a candidate solution, and then makes a decision for acce...

Hard or large-scale constraint satisfaction and optimization problems, occur widely in artiicial intelligence and operations research. These problems are often diicult to solve with global search methods, but many of them can be eeciently solved by local search methods. Evolutionary algorithms are local search methods which have considerable success in tackling diicult, or ill-deened optimizati...

Cultural species can - or even prefer to - learn their skills from conspecifics. According to the cultural intelligence hypothesis, selection on underlying mechanisms not only improves this social learning ability but also the asocial (individual) learning ability. Thus, species with systematically richer opportunities to socially acquire knowledge and skills should over time evolve to become m...

Reputation systems provide mechanisms through which multiple parties can quantify the trust between one another. These systems seek to generate an accurate assessment in the face of unprecedented community size, while providing anonymity and resilience to malicious attacks. We focus on attacks and defense mechanisms in reputation systems. We present an analysis framework that allows for general...

Abstract When analysing complex structures with advanced damage or material models, it is important to use a robust solution method in order trace the full equilibrium path. In light of this, we propose new path-following solver based on integral rate dissipation each point, for solving problems exhibiting large energy dissipating mechanisms. The generalisation and unification previously propos...

The research of congestion control for Internet reliable multicast is one of the most active fields in reliable multicast protocol research. Many reliable multicast congestion control mechanisms have been put forward. In this paper we present principal problems of congestion control for Internet reliable multicast, analyze solutions and difficulties of solving these problems, and then give a cl...