with the establishment of modern bureaucracy in iran, it was expected that the administrative system would find a logical order based on legal rationality. this not only proved to be far from the case, but the administrative system showed an unfortunate return to its previous status as well. the efforts made to improve the system have only aggravated the situation. the first question addressed ...

Background. A field study conducted by researchers found the balls used by visual impairment students at school basically used the sound by a small bell inside the ball. However, the sound emitted from the ball is very limited, the ball will sound when it is moved. This makes it difficult for students with visual impairments to find a missing ball that not emitted makes a sound. Objectives. A ...

l envisioned the automation of sound reasoning—reasoning in which conclusions that are drawn follow ogically and inevitably from the given hypotheses. Did the idea spring from the intent to emulate s i Sherlock Holmes and Mr. Spock (of Star Trek) in fiction and Hilbert and Tarski and other great mind n nonfiction? Each of them applied logical reasoning to answer questions, solve problems, and f...

Recent work on the enhancement of multiparty session types with logical annotations enable the effective verification of properties on (1) the structure of the conversations, (2) the sorts of the messages, and (3) the actual values exchanged. In [2] we extend this work to enable the specification and verification of mutual effects of multiple cross-session interactions. Here we give a sound and...

The article proposes a new approach to reasoning about knowledge and strategies in multiagent systems. It emphasizes data, not agents, as the source of strategic knowledge. brings together Armstrong's functional dependency from database theory, data-informed modality based on recent work by Baltag van Benthem, newly proposed strategy modality. main technical result is sound complete logical sys...

Infants begin to vocalize very soon after birth, and they begin to babble about six months after they are born (Oller, 1980). The babbling stage is distinct from the previous phase of vocalizations in that sounds – or gestures in infants acquiring sign language – are now clearly organized in a syllabic structure. As such, these utterances are the infant’s first linguistic productions. In the wo...

Recent work on the enhancement of typing techniques for multiparty sessions with logical annotations enables, not only the validation of structural properties of the conversations and on the sorts of the messages, but also properties on the actual values exchanged. However, specification and verification of mutual effects of multiple cross-session interactions are still an open problem. We intr...

In the current paper, the Vietnamese prosody was analyzed in order to produce a natural Vietnamese synthesizer. Word duration in texts recorded by various human voices was measured to test several hypotheses for logical segments of the utterances in a sentence. The sound files were analyzed and interpreted by several statistical calculations.