Planting date (PD), seeding rate (SR), relative maturity (RM) of cultivars, and row spacing (RS) are primary management factors affecting soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yield. The individual synergistic effects PD, SR, RM, RS on seed yield agronomic characteristics in North Dakota were herein investigated. Early late early RM two SR (408,000 457,000 ha−1), (30.5 61 cm) evaluated four total en...

Most methods of measuring the diffusive conductance to water vapor of individual plant leaves potentially change the leaf environment by enclosing part of the leaf in order to measure the rate of water vapor exchange and the driving force for that exchange. There have been questions about whether leaf to air water vapor pressure difference varies sufficiently in extensive crop canopies to be a ...

A dosimetric spectrum evaluator was employed to evaluate the total biologically effective UV (UVBEplant) on the surface of all the leaves of small plants. It was applied to evaluate the UVBEplant to soybean leaves (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), cultivar Essex. The plants received three levels of UVBEplant averaged over all the leaves (0, 8.1 and 15.8 J cm) from emergence to the V7 growth stage. As c...

The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) is determined from canopy spectral reflectance measurements and can provide important information about photosynthesis. The PRI can be used to assess the epoxidation state of xanthophyll pigments, which provides information on nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and the amount of energy used for photosynthesis. Genome-wide association analyses were conduct...

Many algorithms have been developed for the remote estimation of vegetation fraction in terms of combinations of spectral bands, derivatives of reflectance spectra, neural networks, inversion of radiative transfer models, and several multi-spectral statistical approaches. The most widespread type of algorithm used is the mathematical combination of visible and near-infrared reflectance, in the ...