Corn stover was pretreated with an excess of calcium hydroxide (0.5 g Ca(OH)2/g raw biomass) in non-oxidative and oxidative conditions at 25, 35, 45, and 55 degrees C. The optimal condition is 55 degrees C for 4 weeks with aeration. Glucan (91.3%) and xylan (51.8%) were converted to glucose and xylose respectively, when the treated corn stover was enzymatically hydrolyzed with 15 FPU/g cellulos...

Corn stover is a promising feedstock for bioethanol production because of its abundant availability in China. To obtain higher ethanol concentration and higher ethanol yield, liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment and fed-batch semi-simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (S-SSF) were used to enhance the enzymatic digestibility of corn stover and improve bioconversion of cellulose to ethano...

Sulphur and sulphur oxidizing bacteria required by oilseed pulses crop in deficient soil for maintaining fertility stabilized production with this the present experiment was conducted on medium black calcareous to study effect of sources (SOB) yield, quality summer soybean nutrient status FRBD using three replications during year 2022 at Instructional Farm, Krishigadh, Junagadh Agricultural Uni...

Ionic liquid (IL) and ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) pretreatments were studied to develop the first direct side-by-side comparative assessment on their respective impacts on biomass structure, composition, process mass balance, and enzymatic saccharification efficiency. AFEX pretreatment completely preserves plant carbohydrates, whereas IL pretreatment extracts 76% of hemicellulose. In contras...

Maize is grown in large quantities for nutritional purpose; its agricultural by-product is the corn stover, which is usually unused. Because of its high abundance and high cellulose content, it is a promising substrate for biogas production. However, this cellulose-rich biomass is not used in anaerobic fermentors today, due to its insolubility. It forms a solid crust at the top of the liquid ph...

As a promising material for bioethanol production, corn stover has been studied under various pretreatment methods prior to production of bioethanol. However, the storage of pretreated corn stover is still challenged by both weather conditions and the physical properties of its own. The objective of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of low-moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA) pretreatment ...

Stress fractures of the third metacarpal bone (McIII) are a common cause of lameness in Thoroughbred racehorses. The most commonly described location is the mid-dorsolateral cortex (Copelan 1979; Richardson 1984, 1999; Stashak 1987; Stover et al. 1988; Cervantes et al. 1992; Pilsworth and Shepherd 1997; Stover 1998; Sullins 1998), but they also occur distally and proximally in the dorsal cortex...

Combined Heat and Power (CHP) production using renewable energy sources is gaining importance because of its flexibility and high-energy efficiency. Biomass materials, such as corn stover and forestry residues, are potential sources for renewable energy for CHP production. In Mississippi, approximately 4.0 MT dry tons of woody biomass is available annually for energy production. In this study, ...

E. coli bacteria move in streams freely in a planktonic state or attached to suspended particulates. Attachment is a dynamic process, and the fraction of attached microorganisms is thought to be affected by both bacterial characteristics and particulate properties. In this study, we investigated how the properties of cell surfaces and stream particulates influence attachment. Attachment assays ...

Lengthy straw/stalk of biomass may not be directly fed into grinders such as hammer mills and disc refiners. Hence, biomass needs to be preprocessed using coarse grinders like a knife mill to allow for efficient feeding in refiner mills without bridging and choking. Size reduction mechanical energy was directly measured for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.), ...