To quantify the relationship between temporal and spatial variation in tree transpiration, we measured sap flow in 129 trees with constant-heat sap flow sensors in a subalpine forest in southern Wyoming, USA. The forest stand was located along a soil water gradient from a stream side to near the top of a ridge. The stand was dominated by Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. with Picea engelmannii Par...

Analyzing spatiotemporal autocorrelation would be helpful to understand the underlying dynamic patterns in space and time simultaneously. In this work, we aim to extend the conventional spatial autocorrelation statistics to a more general framework considering both spatial and temporal dimensions. Specifically, we focus on the spatiotemporal version of Getis-Ord's G. The proposed indicator STG ...

introduction precipitation plays an important role in the global energy and water cycle. it is important for assessment and management of land use, agriculture and hydrology such as flood and drought risk reduction to know about the amount of precipitation reaching the ground water. assessment of climate change and its effects require long-term rainfall analysis in all spatial scales. growing c...

The purpose of this article is to analyze the dynamic trend of spatial dependence, which is not only contemporary but time-lagged in many socio-economic phenomena. Firstly, we show some of the commonly used exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) techniques and we propose other new ones, the exploratory space-time data analysis (ESTDA) that evaluates the instantaneity of spatial dependence. We...