Introduction: Ecstasy is an amphetamine derivative, which its use has been consistently increasing over the past years. Ecstasy interacts with the glutamatergic system and it is known that glutamate receptors have a key role in learning and memory. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of ecstasy and glutamatergic system on learning and memory. Methods: Fifty-six male Wis...

introduction: the cholinergic system plays an important role in learning and memory. administration of either extracts of crocus sativus (saffron) or its constituent, crocin, reduced ethanol-induced memory impairment. based on the above findings, we investigated the effect of crocin in antagonizing spatial learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine, a cholinergic receptor antagonist,...

soil salinity is a limiting factor for plant growth and a serious cause of land degradation. field sampling and statistical analysis for estimating soil salinity is expensive and time consuming. estimating soil salinity by spatial statistical models and geographic information system (gis) is recommended, because it saves labor and time. this study was conducted to evaluate the performance of sp...