Peacock bass or the cichlids are known locally as top predator fishes which invasive in Malaysia freshwater system. Detection probabilities for these typically low, especially using conventional capture-survey method due to fish’s behaviour of hiding beneath water’s surface. Hence, environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring is a relatively new approach that can be used assess distribution fishes. Here...

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the most rapidly expanding methods in molecular biology. Although the range of applications of PCR is very broad, the key points for successful performance remain the careful selection of optimal primers and the proper determination of the temperature conditions of the reaction. The program presented here, 'Primer Master', has been developed to assi...

a water snake (natrix natrix) was referred to the small animal teaching hospital, faculty of veterinary medicine, university of tehran. it had two subcutaneous masses. radiographic and ultrasonographic images revealed the presence of two subcutaneous abscesses. the abscesses were removed surgically and specimens were examined by conventional microbial culture and multiplex pcr. inv-a universal ...

The ease and advantages of allelespecific PCR (AS-PCR) for SNP genotyping, along with the difficulty of assay specificity with certain mismatched DNA primers, have been described in prior studies (1–3). More recently, the use of real-time PCR detection formats has been described for one or both alleles of AS-PCR (4–6). These detection enhancement methods do not overcome the inherent difficultie...

The iroB gene of Salmonella enterica is absent from the chromosome of the related organism Escherichia coli. We determined the distribution of this gene among 150 bacterial isolates, representing 51 serotypes of different Salmonella species and subspecies and 8 other bacterial species which are frequent contaminants during routine enrichment procedures by Southern hybridization. An iroB-specifi...

RT-PCR assays for detection of BRSV, based on four different sets of primers were optimized and evaluated for their sensitivity and specificity. Primers used in this study were specific for genes encoding three BRSV proteins, nucleoprotein N and glycoproteins F and G. Our results indicated that RT-PCR with primers B7:B8 for G protein was the most efficient in detecting BRSV. Starters B7:B8 reac...