Transient coaxial helicity injection (T-CHI), a method first developed on the small injected torus (HIT-II) experiment and then validated much larger National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) device, is to initiate an inductive-like tokamak plasma discharge without reliance central solenoid. A CHI initiated by driving current along magnetic flux that connects inner outer divertor plates one en...

The aim of this paper is to determine the critical buckling load for simply supported thin shallow spherical shells made of functionally graded material (FGM) subjected to uniform external pressure. A metal-ceramic functionally graded (FG) shell with a power law distribution for volume fraction is considered, where its properties vary gradually through the shell thickness direction from pure me...