Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are relatively new minimally invasive methods to treat osteoporotic or pathologic vertebra fractures. Both technics are similar in principle whereas in kyphoplasty a baloon is introduced into the vertebra to restore the height loss. Currently there are severeral studies reporting the safety and efficacy of both methods and in this report technical nuances and evid...

Posterior nonfusion pedicle-screw-based stabilization remains a controversial area of spine surgery. To date, the Dynesys system remains the most widely implanted posterior nonfusion pedicle screw system. We review the history of Dynesys and discuss clinical outcome studies and biomechanical evaluations regarding the Dynesys system. Indications for surgery and controversies are discussed. Recom...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Most physicians consider length of preoperative pain as an important factor to include patients for SA. Our aim was to synthesize the available evidence regarding the influence of preprocedural pain duration on the outcome of vertebral augmentation procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The MEDLINE data base was reviewed up to March 2010. Meta-regression and mixed-effect sub...

Two studies aiming to analyze the vaccine cold chain throughout Spain, performed from 1988-89, sparked interest in vaccine logistics among public health authorities. The studies were performed using evaluation methodology based on cold chain monitor cards with a time-temperature indicator (Battersby's report) and cross-sectional surveys on the conditions of the cold chain (Ferrando's report) in...

A new species, Cherax warsamsonicussp. n., endemic to the Warsamson River drainage, in the western part of the Kepala Burung (Vogelkop) peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia, is described, figured and compared with its closely related species, Cherax misolicus Holthuis, 1949. The new species may be easily distinguished from C. misolicus by the shape of the rostrum, absence of setae on the rostrum, t...

Method and result: The aim of this study was to describe the common Carotid Artery Bifurcation (CB). Measurements were performed on 100 cadavers by the direct inspection method. The vertebra level of CB was differently distributed in distance of the whole neck measured along the vertebral column between upper borders of C1-C2 to lower border of C5. 54% of the level of CB was asymmetrical betwee...

BACKGROUND Scoliosis is a serious disease in which a human spine is abnormally deformed in three dimensions with vertebral rotation. Surgical treatment is attained when the scoliotic spine is corrected into its normal shape by implant rods and screws fixed into the vertebrae. The three-dimensional corrective forces acting at the screws deformed the implant rod during the surgical treatment of s...

A new genus and species of Stylasteridae is described, Cyclohelia lamellata, based on one specimen from 550 m off the Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea. The species is unusual in having a lamellate growth form and unique in having elliptical dactylopore spines that are rimmed on all sides. The genus is hypothesized to be most closely related to Distichopora and Sporadopora. Cyclochelia lamellata is ...