Distilled spirits are usually made from fermented sugar-based materials, such as wines or fermented fruits, but other products can be used, namely berries or honey. In this work, an evaluation of honey spirits is done based on its physicochemical and sensory characteristics. Fourteen honey spirit samples of different brands of honey spirit were purchased at the market and from artisan Portugues...

When asked which body organ controls mental functions, the man-in-the-street would today answer unhesitatingly: the brain. Again, when asked which organ is most readily modified by experience, Le., where might memories be stored, the ready answer would be: the brain. But this recognition of the brain's importance has not always been so. As recently as the year 1800, our feelings were credited t...

AIMS/INTRODUCTION Previous meta-analyses identified an inverse association of total alcohol consumption with the risk of type 2 diabetes. The current study further explored the relationship between specific types of alcoholic beverage and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases from January 1966 to February 2016 was car...

BACKGROUND Several studies have found participants pour more than 1 standard drink or unit as their usual glass. This is the first study to measure actual and perceived amounts of alcohol in a self-defined usual glass of wines and spirits in the general population. METHODS Participants were a convenience sample of adults who drink alcohol or who pour drinks for other people (n = 283, 54% wome...

During two successive summer hands-on whisky making classes at the Bruichladdich Distillery on Islay in Scotland, two types of samples were taken and analyzed using GC/MS. Samples were taken periodically during the two stages of distillation, and of whisky that had matured for different periods of time in different character casks. HYSYS engineering software was adapted to the batch distillatio...

Effects of solutes on the stimulative taste ethanol in transparent spirits such as vodkas were reviewed. It was demonstrated that MgCl2, MgSO4, and NaHCO3 could reduce alcohol-stimulative and, at same time, strengthen hydrogen-bonding structure water-ethanol spirits. suggested reduction is related with a change by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. These salts seem to be o...

We consider a (deterministic) evolutionary model where players have dynamic expectations about the strategy distribution. We provide a global analysis of the co-evolution of play and expectations for a generic two–by–two game. Besides the the typical indeterminacy of the evolutionary dynamics, we find some other ones: for any initial strategy configuration the dynamics can converge to any asymp...

220 CNS Spectr 15:4 © MBL Communications Inc. April 2010 NEW TREND IN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY Our spirits may be regulated by the methylation of our genes. Methylation, acetylation, and other biochemical processes are the molecular switches for turning genes on and off. There is evidence now that certain behaviors, feelings, and psychiatric symptoms may be modified by turning various genes on or off...