We describe a polarization-selective beam splitter by a sandwiched grating, which can fulfill the high efficiency element for TE polarization and the two-port output for TM polarization. The modal method and the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) are employed together to optimize the polarization-selective beam splitter. According to the modal method, the grating duty cycle and period are di...

Fermion anti-bunching was directly observed by measuring the cross-covariance of the current fluctuations of partitioned electrons. A quantum point contact was used to inject single-mode electrons into a mesoscopic electron beam splitter device. The beam splitter output currents showed negative cross-covariance, indicating that the electrons arrived individually at the beam splitter and were ra...

We report preparation and characterization of coherent superposition states t[0>+alpha]1> of the electromagnetic field by conditional measurements on a beam splitter. This state is generated in one of the beam splitter output channels if a coherent state [alpha> and a single-photon Fock state [1> are present in the two input ports and a single photon is registered in the other beam splitter out...

The beam splitter has played numerous roles in many aspects of optics. For example, in quantum information the beam splitter plays essential roles in teleportation, bell measurements, entanglement and in fundamental studies of the photon. Electric fields E1 and E2 enter input ports 1 and 2, respectively. Field 1 evolves as E1 → TE3 + RE4, where T,R are the transmission and reflection coefficien...

Numerical simulations of liquid atomization in a two-fluid coaxial geometry have been performed using geometric Volume-of-Fluid method. Experimental measurements obtained visible light back-lit imaging and X-ray radiography. Simulations are validated against experiments, the same fluid injection rates air water, by showing excellent agreement quantities such as mass distribution spray formation...

Weak measurement [1,19] combined with quantum delayed-choice experiment that use quantum beam splitter instead of the beam splitter give rise to a surprising amplification effect, i.e., counterintuitive negative amplification effect. We show that this effect is caused by the wave and particle behaviours of the system to be and can’t be explained by a semiclassical wave theory, due to the entang...

We have designed and experimentally studied a simple beam splitter for atoms guided on an Atom Chip, using a current carrying Y-shaped wire and a bias magnetic field. This beam splitter and other similar designs can be used to build atom optical elements on the mesoscopic scale, and integrate them in matterwave quantum circuits. PACS numbers: 03.75.Be, 03.65.Nk Typeset using REVTEX

An explicit formula is given for the quantity of entanglement in the output state of a beam splitter, given the squeezed vacuum states input in each mode. For the general Gaussian states input, the necessary and sufficient condition for the inseparability of the output state from a beam splitter is given.