purpose: to determine the effect of using rigid gas permeable (rgp) contact lenses in improvement of involuntary eye movements and visual functions in hyperopic astigmatism patients with congenital nystagmus. methods: this prospective interventional case series study was conducted on patients with congenital nystagmus and hyperopia equal or more than +0.5 d and astigmatism more than -1 d, who w...

A 65-year-old woman with right-sided Ménière disease experienced one of her usual and frequent acute vertigo attacks during eye movement recording (video 1). The were associated tinnitus, hearing loss, vomiting. She initially demonstrated right-beating nystagmus, but after 2 minutes, the nystagmus gradually reversed became left-beating During reversal, downbeat was present temporarily. then per...

BACKGROUND Autoantibodies directed against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD-Ab) have recently been described in a few patients with progressive cerebellar ataxia, suggesting an autoimmune physiopathologic mechanism. OBJECTIVE To determine the exact role of GAD-Ab and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurotransmission in the pathogenesis of cerebellar ataxia. DESIGN Case report. SETTIN...

Primary spontaneous down-beat nystagmus (PDBN) is characterized by slow upward ocular drifts and fast downward phases, and is the most common form of acquired ocular movements overcoming fixation. PDBN is essentially due to lesions at the cranio-cervical junction, or diseases of the lower brainstem and cerebellum. Intoxication due to lithium or anti-epileptic drugs, abuse of toluene, and metabo...

We measured the horizontal and vertical components of caloric nystagmus in 120 ears of 60 vertiginous patients who had moderate to vigorous caloric first-phase response in both ears, no spontaneous nystagmus, and no severe disorders in the central nervous system. We provoked a caloric first phase in the supine position with 5 ml of water at 20 degrees C for 15 seconds. We provoked a caloric sec...

Traumatic perilymph fistula is reported to be rare in infants because of the small size of the infant external meatus. We treated an infant with a traumatic perilymph fistula in the right ear. A metallic wire had penetrated the tympanic membrane. Horizontal-rotatory nystagmus was also observed. Computed tomographic images revealed dislocation of the ossicles. The perilymph fistula was closed un...