This paper quantifies how much of violent crime in society can be attributed to football-related violence. Exploiting rich register data, we study the universe professional football matches played out Germany’s top three leagues over period 2011–2015. Our main result shows that increases by 17 percent on a match day, with associated social costs roughly 58 million euros annually. Exploring poss...

THERE IS A VAST ARRAY of types of violence. It is short and episodic as a slap in the face; or massive and organized as a war. It can be passionate and angry as a quarrel; or callous and impersonal as the bureaucratic administration of gas chambers. It is happy as drunken carousing, fearful as soldiers in combat, vicious as a torturer. It can be furtive and hidden as a rape-murder, or public as...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of bullying and its associated factors in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Data were used from a population-based household survey conducted by the Urban Health Observatory (OSUBH) utilizing probability sampling in three stages: census tracts, residences, and individuals. The survey included 598 adolescents (14-17 years old) who responded questions on bullyin...

BACKGROUND We hypothesized that children's perceptions of more neighborhood hazards would be associated with less physical activity, less aerobic fitness, and a higher body mass index. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between a hazardous neighborhood context and physical activity in children. METHODS Fourth-grade students (n = 796) of diverse ethnic and economic backgrounds completed me...

The frequency and potential long-term effects of sport-related traumatic brain injuries (TBI) make it a major public health concern. The culture within contact sports, such as ice hockey, encourages aggression that puts youth at risk of TBI such as concussion. Newspaper reports play an important role in conveying and shaping the culture around health-related behaviors. We qualitatively studied ...

The debate over whether violence and aggressive behavior is innate or learned has been rekindled by several recent publications. Regardless of the merits of this debate, cross-cultural data indicate that the levels of both interand intra-group aggressive behavior differ among societies. Moreover, males in some societies exhibit what has been termed “hypermasculine” behavior. This behavior is ch...

the origins of sports traditionally dates back to its practice encouraged by religion, custom or militancy, and, therefore, was considered a wholly masculine practice. due to the inextricable link between sports and body management, nowadays, leisure and health have transcended their meaning beyond a certain gender and, consequently, sports has become a wholly ordinary practice for women. to at...