BACKGROUND Many infectious diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially in the developing world, could be preventable through vaccination. The effort to produce safe, thermally stable, and needle-free mucosal vaccines has become increasingly important for global health considerations. We have previously demonstrated that a thermally stable nanoemulsion, a mucosal adjuvant...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of injection parameters on a heavy duty diesel engine performance and emission characteristics. In order to analyze the injection and spray characteristics of diesel fuel with employing high-pressure common-rail injection system, the injection characteristics such as injection delay, injection duration, injection rate, number of nozzle hole...

A numerical and experimental investigation was conducted to analyze dropwise evaporative cooling of heated surfaces with various wettability characteristics. The surface wettability was tuned by nanostructure modifications. Spray-cooling experiments on these surfaces show that surfaces with better wettability have better heat transfer rate and higher critical heat flux (CHF). Single droplet imp...

The pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) was introduced to deliver asthma medications in a convenient and reliable multi-dose presentation. The key components of the pMDI device (propellants, formulation, metering valve, and actuator) all play roles in the formation of the spray, and in determining drug delivery to the lungs. Hence the opportunity exists to design a pMDI product by adjusting...

ZolpiMist™ is an oral spray formulation of the hypnotic compound zolpidem that was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2008 with an indication for the short-term treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty with sleep initiation. It was developed by NovaDel Pharma, Inc. using their patented NovaMist™ spray technology. The recommended doses are 10 mg for adults and 5 mg for e...

Abstract: Mathematical modeling of planing hulls and determination of their characteristics are the most important subjects in hydrodynamic study of planing vessels. In this paper, a new mathematical model has been developed based on pressure distribution. This model has been provided for two different situations: (1) for a situation in which all forces pass through the center of gravity and (2...

the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of injection parameters on a heavy duty diesel engine performance and emission characteristics. in order to analyze the injection and spray characteristics of diesel fuel with employing high-pressure common-rail injection system, the injection characteristics such as injection delay, injection duration, injection rate, number of nozzle hole...

BACKGROUND Sublingual nitroglycerin increases exercise duration in patients with stable angina. Brief results from this study were published previously in German. Here, we more fully describe the study methodology, patient characteristics, and detailed results. METHODS This double-blind, crossover study enrolled 51 patients with stable angina. Patients were randomized to 1 of 5 treatment sequ...

Spray application of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) vaccines is a labor- and time-saving means of mass vaccination of layer chickens. Recent assessment of spray characteristics of nozzles commonly used to apply MG vaccine in layer chicken operations has shown that the amount of respirable droplets (< 5 microm) is negligible. Topical application of vaccine onto the eye surface has been suggested ...