Gamma ray bursts are often modelled as jet-like outflows directed towards the observer; the cone angle of the jet is then commonly inferred from the time at which there is a steepening in the power-law decay of the afterglow. We consider an alternative model in which the jet has a beam pattern where the luminosity per unit solid angle (and perhaps also the initial Lorentz factor) decreases smoo...

Water transport through aquaporin water channels occurs extensively in cell membranes. Hourglass-shaped (biconical) pores resemble the geometry of these aquaporin channels and therefore attract much research attention. We assumed that hourglass-shaped nanopores are capable of high water permeation like biological aquaporins. In order to prove the assumption, we investigated nanoscale water tran...

In the present work, a PLIF-based approach for large cone-shaped spray patternation ispresented and experimental results of its application are discussed. The is based on simple time-averaged PLIF imaging. Special attention paid to image data processing in order simplify interpretation. Experimental testing was performed water spray, formed by centrifugal nozzle at atmospheric ambient pressure....

performance optimization of chisel tine was proposed by using a chisel plow with adjustable rake angle. effective treatments consisted of soil moisture at 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 of plastic limit (pl), three rake angle of 30, 40 and 50 degree and speeds of to 3, 5 and 7 km h-1. the measured parameters included draft, soil disturbance area, soil upheaving area, clod mean weight diameter (mwd), specific...

There are many ways to reduce diesel engine exhaust emissions. However, NOx emission is difficult to reduce because the hydrocarbon (HC) concentration in a diesel engine is not sufficient for NOx conversion. Therefore, in order to create stoichiometric conditions in the De-NOx catalyst, a secondary injection system is designed to inject liquid HC into the exhaust pipe. The atomization and distr...

Ultimate limits of an open pit, which define its size and shape at the end of the mine’s life, is the pit with the highest profit value. A number of algorithms such as floating or moving cone method, floating cone method II and the corrected forms of this method, the Korobov algorithm and the corrected form of this method, dynamic programming and the Lerchs and Grossmann algorithm based on grap...

Under high ambient pressure (5 MPa) and different injection pressures (90, 120, 150 MPa), a high-speed imaging technique was carried out to comparatively investigate the macroscopic spray characteristics of diesel with three types blended fuel in constant volume chamber. The oxygenated fuels were n-butanol (B), pine oil (P), 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF). All their blending ratio 20%. Results showed ...

In this paper, the effect of atomizer geometry on the flow in simplex atomizers and atomizer performance is numerically investigated. A computational model based on the Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian method has been used. The effect of changes in four non-dimensional geometric parameters on the atomizer performance is studied. These geometric parameters are the atomizer constant (ratio of inlet ...

Experiments were performed with FC-77 using three full-cone spray nozzles to assess the influence of subcooling on spray performance and critical heat flux (CHF) from a 1.0 1.0 cm test surface. The relatively high boiling point of FC-77 (97 C at one atmosphere) enabled testing at relatively high levels of subcooling. Increasing the subcooling delayed the onset of boiling but decreased the slope...