This paper gives an overview of fractionalN phase-locked loops (PLLs) with practical design perspectives focusing on a ∆Σ modulation technique and a finite-impulse response (FIR) filtering method. Spur generation and nonlinearity issues in the ∆Σ fractional-N PLLs are discussed with simulation and hardware results. High-order ∆Σ modulation with FIR-embedded filtering is considered for low noise...

We show that firms with chief executive officers (CEOs) who gain general managerial skills over their lifetime work experience invest more in R&D and produce more patents. We address the potential endogenous CEO-firm matching bias using firmand CEOfixed effects and variation in the enforceability of non-compete agreements across states and over time during the CEO’s career. Our findings suggest...

Methods: LSSR was conducted employing two different laser systems: a) CO2 laser, articulated arm with nasal hand-piece / wave guide, or b) 980nm diode laser with fiber delivery system. The surgical technique includes direct transmucosal ablation of anterior or posterior cartilaginous spurs without incisions, mucoperichondrial flaps, therefore eliminating the need for post-op packing. The laser ...

Expert systems have experienced tremendous growth and popularity since their commercial introduction in the early 1980’s. Today, expert systems are used in business, science, engineering, manufacturing, medical diagnosing, chemical, and many other fields. Mechanical engineers are the major users, expert systems, are finding rapid application in industry for such tasks as analysis of quality con...

Bangladesh is one of a number of countries trying to prevent acid violence through legislation while providing specialized care for victims, but attitudes to women need to change for there to be further progress. Patralekha Chatterjee reports. It happened twelve years ago, but Asma Akhtar still remembers the assault vividly. A spurned suitor in his late 20s sneaked into her family's mud shack i...

This study examines the relationship between chief executive officers’ (CEOs’) characteristics (e.g., tenure, experience, education, age and compensation) accounting conservatism for a sample of 672 yearly observations from both Jordanian industrial service companies listed on Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) during period 2014–2021. Using feasible generalised least squares, results show that CEOs wi...